Luqhutywa njani uvavanyo lwebhaktiriya emanzini?

Intshayelelo yoVavanyo lwaManzi e-Bacteriological

Amanzi ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokuphila komntu, kodwa anokuba ngumthwali weentsholongwane eziyingozi. Ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwamanzi lwe-bacteriological kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi. Olu vavanyo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuchongeni ibhaktheriya ye-pathogenic ebeka ingozi enkulu kwimpilo. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kubalulekile kubo bobabini abakhulu nabancinci-ababoneleli bamanzi, kubandakanywa nabo bajongana nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi kwiivenkile ezinkulu.

ISampuli yoQokelelo loHlalutyo lwe-Bacteriological

Iindlela kunye neZixhobo

Isinyathelo sokuqala kuvavanyo lwe-bacteriological lubandakanya ukuqokelelwa ngokuchanekileyo kweesampuli zamanzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi sampuli zimele umthombo wamanzi kubalulekile. Ukuqokelela izixhobo ezifana nezikhongozeli ezicolisiweyo kunye nezipholileyo zothutho kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukosuleleka. Iifektri kunye nabanikezeli basebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukugcina intembeko yeesampulu zamanzi ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwilebhu.

Amanqaku eSampuli eQhinga

Iisampulu kufuneka ziqokelelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo phakathi kothungelwano lokuhanjiswa kwamanzi, kubandakanywa amaziko okucoca kunye neetephu zabasebenzisi. Le ndlela ivumela uhlalutyo olubanzi, ngakumbi kubathengisi abasekwe kwifektri abasasaza amanzi ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ukuthatha iisampulu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunceda ukuphawula imithombo yosulelo ngokufanelekileyo.

IiNkqubo zezoThutho neLabhoratri

Ukuphatha iSampuli

Ukuthutha iisampulu zamanzi kufuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwizikhokelo zokuthintela ukosuleleka. Iisampulu zigcinwa kwizikhongozeli ezicociweyo kwaye zithuthwe phantsi kobushushu obulawulwayo, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo ngexesha lokuhamba. Ukuphatha ngendlela eyiyo kubalulekile kubaboneleli abajonge ukugcina umgangatho wemveliso yabo.

Iindlela zeLebhu

Nje ukuba iisampulu zifikelele kwilebhu, zilandela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zohlalutyo. Ezi ziquka ubuchule benkcubeko kunye neemvavanyo ze-biochemical ezichonga ngokuchanekileyo ubukho bebhaktheriya. Ukuchaneka kobu buchule bubalulekile kubo bobabini abathengisi bamanzi awhoseyile nabasefektri.

Ukufunyanwa kweBacteria yePathogenic

IiPathogens eziphambili kunye nezalathi

Iilebhu zijolise ekufumaneni iibhaktheriya ezithile ezifana ne-Escherichia coli, i-Salmonella, kunye ne-Vibrio cholerae, ezi zizalathisi eziqhelekileyo zokungcoliswa kwe-fecal. Ubukho bezi bhaktiriya bucebisa ungcoliseko kunye neengozi zempilo ezinokubakhona, kuqaqambisa ukubaluleka kubaboneleli kunye neefektri ukubeka iliso komgangatho wamanzi rhoqo.

Iindlela zokuhlalutya

Iindlela ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu lemolekyuli kunye nenkcubeko-zisekelwe kwiindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ukukhangela nokulinganisa ezi ntsholongwane. Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezinjalo kuvumela ababoneleli ukuba baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo.

Ukutolikwa kweZiphumo zeLebhu

Izikhokelo kunye neMigangatho

Ukutolika iziphumo zovavanyo kufuna uthelekiso ngokuchasene nemigangatho emiselweyo yobulunga bamanzi. Le migangatho isekwe ngamaqumrhu alawulayo kwaye iyalela amanqanaba avumelekileyo obukho bemicrobial kumanzi okusela, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kubaboneleli kwinqanaba lewholesale.

Iintshukumo kwiziphumo

• Ukuba izibalo zebhaktheriya zidlula amanqanaba akhuselekileyo, amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza ayimfuneko.
• Abasemagunyeni kunye nababoneleli kufuneka basebenzisane ukulungisa nokulungiswa kwemithombo yongcoliseko.

Ubuchwephesha kuVavanyo lwe-Bacteriological

Uninzi lweNdlela enokwenzeka yeNani (MPN).

Indlela yeMPN luhlalutyo lwamanani olusetyenziselwa ukuqikelela inani lebhaktheriya esebenzayo kwisampulu yamanzi. Obu buchule bubalulekile kubaboneleli abafuna ukuvavanya umthamo wamanzi amakhulu ngokukhawuleza.

Indlela yoHlulo lweMembrane

Obu buchule bubandakanya ukugqithiswa kwesampulu yamanzi kwi-membrane ebamba iintsholongwane. I-membrane iye ikhuliswe ukumisela inani lebhaktiriya. Le ndlela ichanekileyo idla ngokusetyenziswa ziifektri kunye nababoneleli ngemigaqo yomthetho.

Izinto eziphilayo zesalathisi kuVavanyo lwaManzi

Indima yeeColiforms

Iibhaktheriya zeColiform zisetyenziswa njengezinto eziphilayo ezibonisa ungcoliseko olunokubakho. Ngelixa bengenabungozi ngokwabo, ubukho babo bucebisa ukuba kunokwenzeka iibhaktheriya ze-pathogenic emanzini.

I-Fecal Coliforms kunye ne-E. coli

I-fecal coliforms, ngakumbi i-E. coli, inika isalathiso esithe ngqo sokungcoliseka kwe-fecal. Ukufunyaniswa kwabo kubalulekile kubaboneleli, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yokuthengisa, ukuthintela imiba yempilo yoluntu.

Imigaqo neMigangatho

ImiGangatho yeHlabathi neyeNdawo

Uvavanyo lwamanzi lwebhaktiriya lulawulwa yimigangatho engqongqo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ababoneleli kufuneka babambelele koku ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno ezisemthethweni. Iifektri ezivelisa umthamo omkhulu wamanzi kufuneka ziqinisekise rhoqo ukuthotyelwa.

Impembelelo kubaboneleli

Ukuthotyelwa kwale migangatho akuqinisekisi ukhuseleko lwabathengi kuphela kodwa konyusa intembeko yababoneleli kwiimarike.

Ukuqhubela phambili kweTekhnoloji kuVavanyo lwaManzi

IiTekhnoloji zokuFumana ngokukhawuleza

Itekhnoloji entsha ibonelela ngezisombululo zovavanyo olukhawulezayo, zibonelela ngeziphumo ezikhawulezayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuchaneka. Ababoneleli bayaxhamla kolu phuculo ngokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi akhuselekileyo ngokukhawuleza.

IiNkqubo zokuJonga iiDijithali

Iinkqubo zedijithali zibonelela nge-real-esweni ngokubeka iliso kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha, ukuvumela ababoneleli ukuba bachonge kwaye balungise imiba ngokukhawuleza.

Izifundo kunye neNyaniso - Iimpembelelo zehlabathi

Izehlo zakutsha nje

Iziganeko ezidlulileyo zokuqhambuka kwezifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokuvavanywa rhoqo kweebhaktheriya. Ababoneleli kunye neefektri bafunda kwezi ziganeko ukuphucula iindlela zabo zokuvavanya.

Izifundo Ezifundiweyo

Ukuqonda kunye nokuziqhelanisa nale meko yokwenene

I-Kedun ibonelela ngezisombululo

I-Kedun inikezela ngezisombululo ezibanzi zovavanyo lwamanzi e-bacteriological. Ukusuka kwisixhobo sokuthatha iisampulu esikwizinga eliphezulu ukuya kutsho kwi Ngokudibanisa ubugcisa bale mihla kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwimisebenzi yabo, i-Kedun iqinisekisa ukuba amanzi ahlala engumthombo okhuselekileyo nothembekileyo kubo bonke abasebenzisi.

Uphendlo olushushu lomsebenzisi:uvavanyo lwebhaktheriya yamanzi