Pfupiso yezvinoda kuitwa microbiological test
2024-01-24 15:14:33
Zvinodiwa uye matanho emicrobiological kuongororazviri sezvinotevera:
Aseptic oparesheni zvinodiwa:
1.Unofanira kupfeka mbatya dzebasa uye chivharo chebasa paunenge uchipinza mabhakitiriya.
2. Pakuisa majekiseni echikafu, zvipfeko zvakakosha zvebasa, makepisi nemaslippers zvinofanirwa kupfekwa, izvo zvinofanirwa kuiswa mukamuri yebhafa yekamuri isina hutachiona uye kushandiswa mushure mekuuraya hutachiona hweUV pamberi pebasa.
3. Pakuisa majekiseni ezvokudya, geza maoko ako nesipo usati wapinda muimba isina utachiona, wozopukuta maoko ako ne75% yedonje bhora.
4. Mashanga, ndiro dzakapfava uye midhiya yetsika inoshandiswa pakubaya inoculation inofanira kuvharwa uye kuvharirwa. Zvigaba zvisina kushandiswa hazvifanirwe kusiiwa zvisina kushandiswa mushure mekuvhura pasuru. Midziyo yesimbi inofanirwa kuve yakavharwa kana kupiswa katatu ne95% doro isati yashandiswa.
5. Paunenge uchibvisa sadza mupasuru, muromo weshanga haufanire kubata nhengo dziri pachena. Pakushandisa sadza kuisa jekiseni pachubhu yetest kana ndiro, muromo wesadza haufanire kubata kumucheto kwechubhu yetest kana ndiro.
6. Inoculating samples uye kutamisa mabhakitiriya kunofanira kuitwa pamberi pemwenje wedoro. Pakuisa majekiseni kana sampuli, mashanga acho anofanira kuvhariswa nemoto mushure mekubvisa mupasuru uye nekuvhura test tube stopper.
7. Usati wapinza mabhakitiriya, tambo dzose dzesimbi dzeinoculation loop uye tsono dzinofanira kupiswa nemurazvo, uye kana zvichidiwa, kubatana pakati pechiuno, tsono uye tsvimbo inofanira kupiswa. Iyo inoculation loop yeinoculating tuberculosis mabhakitiriya uye mabhakitiriya ane hutachiona anofanira kubikwa mumvura inopisa kwemaminitsi mashanu, uye wozopiswa nemoto.
8. Paunenge uchisveta mvura ine utachiona kana kuti samples neshanga, shandisa muromo werabha unoenderana nayo kuisveta, uye usaiyamwa zvakananga nemuromo wako.
Sterile room yekushandisa zvinodiwa:
1. Mahwindo anoenda kunze kwekamuri isina utachiona anofanira kunge ari kaviri-akapenya uye akavharwa. Haafanire kuvhurwa pakuda. Panofanira kuva nekamuri yebhavha uye gonhi rekutsvedza rinoenderana nehukuru hwekamuri isina hutachiona. Panofanirawo kuva nehwindo duku re 0.5 ~ 0.7m2. Mukugadzirira kupfuudza zvinhu mushure mekupinda mukamuri isina hutachiona.
2. Imba isina utachiona inofanira kugara yakachena. Mushure mekushanda, inofanira kubviswa utachiona ne 2% kusvika 3% cresol soap solution, nzvimbo yebasa inofanira kupukuta, uye zvinhu zvisingaenderani nekuedza hazvifaniri kuchengetwa.
3. Mukova wekamuri isina kuberekwa inofanira kuvharwa zvakasimba isati yashandiswa uye mushure mekushandisa, uye mwenje we ultraviolet unofanira kuvhurwa. Kana mwenje we ultraviolet wemukati wakamiswa uchishandiswa kuuraya hutachiona, mwenje we 30W we ultraviolet unodiwa. Nhambwe ndeye 1.0m, uye nguva yekudiridza haisi pasi pemaminetsi makumi matatu. Paunenge uchishandisa ultraviolet mwenje, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa Kushanda zvakananga pasi pe ultraviolet mwenje kudzivirira kukuvara. Mwenje unoda kupukutwa zvinyoro nyoro nedoro donje bhora mavhiki maviri ega ega kuti ubvise huruva uye girizi kuderedza kukanganiswa kwe ultraviolet kupinda.
4. Paunenge uchigadzira uye inoculating zvienzaniso zvekudya, pinda muimba isina kuchena yekushanda uye haubvumirwi kupinda kana kubuda pakuda. Kana zvinhu zvinoda kupfuudzwa, zvinogona kupfuudzwa nepahwindo diki.
5. Kana mhepo inofefetera ichida kuiswa muimba isina utachiona, panofanira kuva nemudziyo wokusefa.
Disinfection uye Sterilization Zvinodikanwa
Glassware, midziyo yesimbi uye tsika midhiya inoshandiswamicrobiological kuongorora, tsika dzakasvibiswa uye dzakaiswa jekiseni, nezvimwewo dzinofanirwa kuvharwa dzisati dzashandiswa. Dry kupisa uye kunyorova kupisa kudzvanya steam sterilization nzira.
1. Kugadzirira kusati kwaitwa sterilization
(1) Zvinhu zvese zvinoda kucheneswa zvinofanira kutanga zvasukwa nekuomeswa. Magirazi egirazi akadai semashanga uye ndiro dzakapfava dzinofanirwa kunge dzakasungwa nepepa. Kana machubhu esimbi akashandiswa, maburi emhepo paari anofanira kuvhurwa.
(2) Putira chivharo chetriangular flask ine tsika yemagariro mubepa, vhara test tube, uye vhomora pakati pesirinji, woiputira nejecha.
2. kuisa
(1) Dry heat sterilizer: Zvinhu hazvifanirwe kunge zvakawandisa uye hazvigone kubata madziro mana ebhokisi.
(2) Huru yakakwira - yekudzvanya steam cooker: Isa zvinhu zvine sterilized, zviputire zvakasiyana, uye zviise zvakananga muhumburumbira. Usawandisa zvinhu.
3. Kuongororwa kwemidziyo
(1) Tarisa uone kana switch yegonhi ichichinjika, kana ring yerabha yakuvadzwa uye kuti yakati sandara.
(2) Tarisa uone kana geji yepressure inogara pazero kana chiutsi chapera, vhara gonhi nekuvhara, pinza mweya chiutsi kana kupisa, uye tarisa kana pane kubuda kwemhepo, kana mamiriro akaiswa nejeji yepressure uye thermometer mechi, uye kana pombi yakavharika.
(3) Kune ma sterilizer ane otomatiki emagetsi chirongwa chekudzora dhizaini, chirongwa chakataurwa chinofanirwa kutariswa chisati chashandiswa kuti chione kana chichizadzisa zvinodiwa pakuvharisa.
4. Sterilization kurapwa
(1) Dry heat sterilization nzira:
Iyi nzira inokodzera zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi, kushatisa, kana kuputika pasi pekupisa kwakaoma. Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira girazi, zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, zvigadzirwa zveceramic, nezvimwe.
①Midziyo nemidziyo zvinofanirwa kugezwa zvisati zvaoma-kubikira kudzivirira tsvina yakanamirwa pamusoro kuti isave necarbonized.
② Panguva ye sterilization, zvinhu hazvifanirwe kunge zvakawandisa, usabate zvakananga pasi nemadziro ebhokisi, uye siya mapeji pakati pezvinhu.
③ Panguva yekudzivirira, vhara gonhi zvakasimba, batanidza magetsi, vhura gomba rekubuditsa kweanenge maminetsi makumi matatu kuti ubvise mweya unotonhora mu sterilizer, gadzirisa chiedza chechiratidzo kana tembiricha yakwira kusvika 160 ° C, uye ichengetedze kwemaawa 1.5 kusvika ku2.
④Kana sterilization yapera kana panguva yekukwira kwekushisa, musuwo unofanirwa kuvhurwa pasi pe60°C.
(2) Matanho anotevera anofanirwa kuteverwa kana uchishandisa chinotakurika chekubikira kana vertical pressure steam sterilizer:
① Wedzera 3L yemvura kumuviri mukuru weinotakurika yekumanikidza cooker, uye 16L yemvura kune yakatwasuka pressure cooker (huwandu hwemvura hunofanira kuzadzikiswa kana ikashandiswazve, uye mvura inoda kutsiviwa kana ikaita mhepo);
② Pachibikidzo chinotakurika chekubikira, isa pombi yekupopotera pamusoro pechivharo muchubhu yeskweya pamadziro emukati membiya yekuzarisa (mafiritsi asina hosi kana ayo ane ngura uye akatsemuka hosi haafaniri kushandiswa);
③ Fukidza chivharo chepamusoro uye woisimbisa zvakasimba kudzivirira kubuda kwemhepo; isa sterilizer pachitubu chemoto kuti upise, batidza simba reiyo vertical pressure cooker, uye vhura vharuvhu yekuburitsa pavhavha yepamusoro kuti ibudise mweya (kupedza mhepo kwemaminetsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu mushure mekunge mvura yafashaira) );
④Vhara vharuvhu yekupedza simba kuti usimudze kudzvanywa kwemhepo kune zvinodiwa uye uichengetedze kwenguva yakatarwa (zvichienderana nemhando yezvinhu zvakasimwa uye mamiriro akakodzera);
⑤ Mushure mekunge nguva yakatarwa yasvika, kune zvinhu zvinoda kuomeswa, pakarepo svinura vheji yekubuda kuti ubudise mhepo. Kana dzvinyiriro yadzokera paziro, itonhodze zvega kusvika pa60°C wobva wavhura chivharo kuti ubudise zvinhu zvacho. Kana iri chinhu chemvura, usazarura valve yekupedza. Poto inofanira kubviswa painopisa nekukasika uye yobvumirwa kuti itonhore zvagara kusvikira simba radzokera ku zero uye tembiricha yadzika pasi pe 60°C isati yavhura chivharo kuti ibudise zviri mukati kudzivirira kuparara kwemvura kamwe kamwe kubva pakuvira zvine chisimba kana kuputika kwemudziyo.
(3) Tevedza nhanho dzinotevera kushandisa yakachinjika pressure cooker steam sterilizer:
① Vhara gonhi repoto zvakasimba, vhura vharafu yemhepo, pinza chiutsi mumezzanine yekupisa, uye mweya unotonhora uri mumezzanine unozongoburitswa kuburikidza nemhepo inovharira;
②Mushure mekunge iyo interlayer yasvika patembiricha yakafanotemerwa, vhura vharafu yemhepo yekamuri yepoto, isa chiutsi mukamuri yehari, uye mweya unotonhora uri mukamuri yehari unozongoburitswa nemukati mehari inosunga mweya;
③Kana kudzvanywa uye tembiricha mukamuri yehari zvasvika pakudzvanywa kwakatarwa, gadzirisa vharafu yemhepo kuti irambe iripo;
④ Tonhodza tembiricha zvakajairika kana zvekugadzira kusvika 60 ℃ usati wavhura musuwo kuti ubvise zvinhu. Usashandise nzira yekukurumidza yekuburitsa steam kudzivirira kudonha nekukurumidza, kuvira kwechisimba kwemvura kana kuputika kwemudziyo;
⑤ Paunenge uchishandisa otomatiki chirongwa - inodzorwa pressure steam sterilizer, mushure mekuisa zvinhu uye nekuvhara gonhi zvakasimba, switch inoenderana inofanirwa kudzvanywa zvinoenderana nechikamu chezvinhu kuitira kuti sterilization iite otomatiki maererano nemaitiro anodiwa. Panguva ye sterilization, chiridzwa chakabatanidzwa chinofanira kushandiswa kurekodha tembiricha uye nguva. Nokuda kwekutsvaga mune ramangwana, zvinodiwa zvekushanda zvinofanira kunge zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo yemugadziri;
5. Sterilization tembiricha uye nguva
(1) Sterilization tembiricha yekuoma kupisa sterilizer ndeye 160 ℃, 1.5 ~ 2h.
(2) Sterilization tembiricha uye nguva yekumanikidza steam sterilizer
Iri nguva sterilization nzira
1. Sterilization nzira:
Shandisa steam sterilization pasina kumanikidzwa. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoparadzwa zviri nyore nepamusoro-kudzvanywa kwechipfunga, saka nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa kuvharisa.
(1) Isa zvinhu kuti zvicheneswe mupoto, vhara chivharo chepamusoro, vhura panobuda mvura, uye bvisa mvura yasara muhari.
(2) Vhara panobuditsa mvura, vhura gonhi rekupinda nemhepo, uye uraya utachiona kwemaminetsi gumi kusvika makumi maviri sezvinodiwa.
(3) Kana sterilization yapera, vhara gonhi rekupinda mhepo, budisa zvinhu uye umirire kuti zvitonhore kusvika kune imwe tembiricha, zviise mu 37 ° C incubator usiku hwose, uye ramba uchiuraya maererano nenzira iri pamusoro apa zuva rinotevera. Ita izvi katatu kuti uwane chinangwa chesterilization.
2. Mashandisiro e serum coagulator:
Apo tsika yemagariro ine zvakakosha zvinhu zvakadai se serum kana mazai, kupisa kwakanyanya kunoparadza zvokudya zvayo. Naizvozvo, tembiricha yakaderera inogona kushandiswa kugadzika serum uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zve sterilization:
(1) Paunenge uchishandisa serum yakasvibiswa neiyi nzira kune aliquot, kuseptic maoparesheni anofanirwa kutevedzerwa zvakanyanya, uye machubhu ekuyedza uye mahwendefa anofanirawo kucheneswa asati ashandiswa;
(2) Ita kuti tsika yemagariro iite mutsetse kana mutsetse wepamusoro sezvinodiwa. Mushure mekuwedzera mvura yakakwana, batanidza magetsi, simudza tembiricha kusvika 75 ~ 90 ° C kweawa imwe chete uye wozoibvisa. Iise mu 37 ° C incubator kwehusiku hwose, uye wozoiisa katatu.
3. Fashaidza uye kuuraya utachiona:
Iwe unogona kushandisa poto inofashaira kana sterilizer inofashaira. Mushure mekunge mvura yafashaira, bikai kwemaminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi nemashanu. Unogonawo kuwedzera 2% carbolic acid mumvura woifashaidza kwemaminitsi mashanu. Wedzera 0.02% formaldehyde woifashaidza pa80°C kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu kuti zvizadzise chinangwa chekuvharisa. Zvisinei, kufashaidza sterilization inogona kuwanikwa. Paunenge uchishandisa zvinosimudzira, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune kuora kwezvinhu.
4. Sterilization kurapwa:
Mushure mekuita sterilization, zvinhu zvatove steril mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa. Dzinofanirwa kunyatsotariswa uye kuiswa kana dzaburitswa kunze kwemushonga kudzivirira kusvibiswa zvakare;
(1) Bvisa zvinhu uye tarisa kutendeseka kwepakiti nekukurumidza. Kana pane kukuvadzwa kana tampon yakabviswa, haigoni kushandiswa sezvinhu zvisingabereki;
(2) Zvinhu zvakabviswa hazvigone kushandiswa sezvinhu zvisina hutachiona kana kurongedza kwavo kuri pachena kwakanyikwa mumvura;
(3) Chimiro chetsika kana reagents inofanira kuongororwa kuti ione kana inosangana neruvara kana nyika mushure mekuvhara. Avo vasingazadzise zvinodiwa vanofanira kuraswa;
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(5) Kana zvinhu zvakabviswa zvikawira pasi, zvikarasika panzvimbo isina kuchena, kana kuti zvakasvibiswa nemvura, zvinonzi zvakasvibiswa uye hazvigoni kushandiswa sechinhu chisina kuchena;
(6) Zvinhu zvakakodzerwa zvakaburitswa zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa muimba yekuchengetera kana huruva-proof cabinet, uye zvinorambidzwa zvachose kuzvisanganisa nezvinhu zvisina sterilized;
(7) Zvinhu zvese zvinokodzera zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa nemusi wekubereka uye zuva rekupera;
(8) Mushure mekunge batch yega yega yesterilization yapera, rekodha zita, huwandu, tembiricha, nguva, uye mushandisi wezvigadzirwa zvakasiiwa.
Zvinodiwa pakurapa chepfu uye utachiona tsvina
Midziyo yekuyedza uye tsika dzinoshandiswa mukuyedza hutachiona hazvifanirwe kuburitswa murabhoritari pasina kuuraya utachiona.
1. Zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakasvibiswa uye tsvina inofanira kuiswa mumidziyo yakasimba kana mabhasikiti ewaya uye inochengetwa nechepakati munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa kusvikira dzafanana dzakafanana.
2. Tsika dzakasvibiswa nema microorganisms dzinofanirwa kuve autoclaved pa 121 ° C kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.
3. Mushure mekushandiswa, mashanga akasvibiswa anofanirwa kuiswa mu 5% creol soap solution kana carbolic acid solution, yakanyoroveswa kwemaawa angangoita makumi maviri nemana (mushonga unouraya utachiona haufanire kunge wakaderera pane kureba kwekunyorovesa), uye wozoitwa sterilized nekumanikidza kwakanyanya pa121 ° C kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.
4. Mushonga wekusvibisa nekusukurudza smears unokwanisa kupeperetswa wakananga mugero resuweji. Mvura yekugezesa yemabhakitiriya ane hutachiona inofanira kugezeswa mubeaker uye kuvharirwa nemhepo yakanyanya isati yadirwa mugero. Masiraidhi ane mavara anoiswa mu5% cresol sipo solution. Mushure mekunyura mumvura kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana, bika uye suka. Masiraidhi kana ndiro dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora agglutination dzinofanirwa kuvharwa otogezwa.
5. Mushure mekuputsa tsika, pakarepo pfapfaidza uye unyorove zvikamu zvakasvibiswa ne 5% cresol soap solution kana carbolic acid solution, soak kwehafu yeawa uye wozopukuta.
Mbatya dzebasa dzakasvibiswa kana hembe dzebasa, makepisi, masks, nezvimwewo zvinopfekwa pakuongororwa zvine chisimba zvinofanirwa kuiswa mumabhegi ekuuraya utachiona uye kucheneswa nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya zvisati zvawachwa.
Zvido zvekugadzirira zvepakati
Hunhu hwekugadzirisa hutsika hwepakati huchakanganisa zvakananga kukura kwehutachiona, nekuti ma microorganisms akasiyana siyana ane zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa uye akasiyana tsika zvinangwa. Zvinodiwa zvekugadzirira kune akasiyana tsika media ndeaya anotevera:
1. Eresa zvigadzirwa maererano nemaitiro epakati, uye wozvinyungudusa mumvura yakasvibiswa. Unhu hweiyo inoshandiswa reagents uye mishonga inofanira kuongororwa isati yashandiswa.
2. pH kuyerwa uye kugadzirisa: pH kuyerwa kunofanirwa kuitwa kana iyo tsika yepakati yakatonhodzwa kusvika kukamuri tembiricha, nekuti pane imwe musiyano mupH pasi pekupisa kana kutonhora mamiriro. Kana kuyerwa kwapera, wedzera alkali kana asidhi zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakaverengerwa uye sanganisa zvakanaka. Inofanira kuongororwa zvakare. Iyo pH kukosha kweiyo tsika svikiro inofanirwa kuve yakarurama, zvikasadaro ichakanganisa kukura kwema microorganisms kana kukanganisa kucherechedzwa kwemhedzisiro. Zvakadaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kukwira-kudzvanya sterilization kunogona kukanganisa kudzikira kana kuwedzera kwepH yeimwe tsika media, saka hazvikurudzirwe kuomesa zvakanyanya kana nguva zhinji kudzivirira kukanganisa kunaka kwetsika. Zviratidzo, sodium deoxycholate, agar, nezvimwewo zvinowanzo Wedzera iyo mushure mekugadzirisa pH.
3. Chimiro chetsika chinoda kuchengetwa chakajeka kuti chibatsire kutarisa kukura kwebhakitiriya. Mushure mekunge tsika yetsika yapisa uye yakabikwa, inogona kusefa nekotoni inonwisa kana flannel kuti ibvise sediment. Kana zvichidikanwa, inogona kujekeswa nezai jena. Agar strips inoshandiswa inofanira kushambidzwa uye kuomeswa mberi. Usati washandisa, dzivisa kukanganisa kujekesa nekuda kwekusvibiswa mu agar.
4. Simbi, mhangura nemimwe midziyo haifanirwe kushandiswa kubata tsika. Zviri nani kushandisa midziyo yegirazi yakaoma isina kwayakarerekera.
5. Kugadziriswa kwetsika yetsika haifaniri kungozadzisa chinangwa chekugadzirisa zvakakwana, asiwo teerera kuti usaderedza kukosha kwayo kwekudya nekuda kwekupisa. Kazhinji, 121 ° C kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu inokwana. Kune vezvenhau vetsika vane zvinhu zvisingashiviriri kupisa kwakanyanya seshuga neserum, gelatin, nezvimwewo, zvinofanirwa kucheneswa nekudzikira tembiricha kana nzira yepakati. Mamwe mareagents asingakwanisi kupisa, akadai se potassium tellurite, egg yolk, TTC, antibiotics, nezvimwewo, inofanira kunyoroveswa kusvika anenge 50 ° C mushure mokunge agar yekutanga iine autoclaved uye yobva yawedzerwa;
6. Mushure mekunge batch yega yega yetsika media yagadzirwa, sterile yekukura bvunzo uye yekukura bvunzo dzemhando dzakaedzwa dzinofanira kuitwa. Kana iri biochemical tsika yepakati, shandisa yakajairwa mabhakitiriya strains ekupinza uye tsika, uye tarisa biochemical reaction mhedzisiro. Inofanira kuratidza kuita kwakajairika. Iyo tsika yemagariro haifanirwe kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba. Kana zvichidikanwa, inogona kuchengetwa mufiriji ye4 ° C.
7. Parizvino, kune marudzi mazhinji emhando dzakaoma tsika media. Batch yega yega inoda kushandisa yakajairwa madhiri ekukura bvunzo kana biochemical reaction yekutarisa. Yakasiyana-siyana tsika midhiya inogona kushandiswa chete mushure mekuyedzwa kwekukura kwemhando dzinoenderana zvakanaka. Zvichangobva kutengwa kana kuomeswa zvakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba zvinogona kushandiswa. Iyo pH yetsika yepakati inofanirwa kuyerwawo kana uchiigadzira, uye dosi uye nzira inofanirwa kuteverwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yechigadzirwa.
8. Iwo emakemikari reagents, sterilization mamiriro, strain kukura bvunzo mhinduro, uye vashandi vekugadzira vanoshandiswa mubatch yega yega yeyakagadzirirwa tsika midhiya inofanirwa kurekodhwa kuti iongororwe.
Sample kuunganidza uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa
1. Mienzaniso yekuongorora yakaunganidzwa inofanira kuva inomiririra. Paunenge uchitora sampling, iyo mbishi, kugadzirisa, yekufambisa, nzira dzekuchengetera uye mamiriro eiyo batch yechikafu, yakatenderedza mamiriro ehutano hwezvakatipoteredza, nezvimwe zvinofanirwa kuferefetwa zvakadzama kuti uone kana paine chero masosi ekusvibiswa.
2. Zvinoenderana nerudzi uye huwandu hwechikafu, iyo sampling yakawanda uye nzira inofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveyakajairwa nzira dzekuongorora.
3. Chenjerera kuvhiya kweaseptic paunenge uchitora sampling, uye mudziyo unofanirwa kucheneswa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwehutachiona munzvimbo. Chigaba chacho hachifanirwe kucheneswa ne creosal sipo solution, sterilization nechlormethionine, doro nemamwe ma disinfectants, uye hachifanirwe kunge chine mishonga yekuuraya utachiona kana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Kuti udzivise kuuraya tupukanana mumuenzaniso, chigero, mapanga, uye zvipunu zvakashandiswa zvinofanirwa kuomeswa zvisati zvashandiswa.
4. Mienzaniso inofanira kutumirwa kukamuri yekuongorora kuti iongororwe pakarepo mushure mekuunganidza. Iyo yekuongorora maitiro kazhinji haipfuure maawa matatu. Kana chinhambwe chakareba, chinogona kuchengetwa munzvimbo ye1 ~ 5 ℃. Kana ichida kuomeswa nechando, inofanira kuchengetwa muchando. Tumira kuti aongororwe.
5. Mushure mokugamuchira muenzaniso, imba yekuongorora ichainyora (zita remuenzaniso, chikwata chekuongorora, huwandu, zuva, nhamba, nezvimwewo) uye cherechedza kuonekwa kwemuenzaniso. Kana imwe yeanotevera mamiriro awanikwa, kuongorora kunogona kurambwa:
(1) Samples dzakaitwa sterilized nechaiyo high pressure, kufashaira kana dzimwe nzira dzinorasikirwa nekukosha kwadzo mukumiririra chikafu chekutanga;
(2) Mabhodhoro nemabhegi ezvokudya akazarurwa, nyama yakabikwa uye zvigadzirwa zvayo, huku yakabikwa nezvimwe zvokudya zvakaputsika uye zvisina kukwana, ndiko kuti, chimiro chepakutanga chekudya chakarasika (kunze kwechikafu chepfu sampuli);
(3) Sampling yakawanda haina kukwana sezvinodiwa;
Kune masampuli akaunzwa kuti aongororwe anosangana nezvinodiwa, imba yekuongorora inofanirwa kuita ongororo mushure mekugamuchira. Kana mamiriro acho asina kusangana, anofanira kuchengetwa mufiriji ye4 ° C, gadzirira kugadzira mamiriro panguva, uye wozoita kuongorora.
6. Paunenge uchiongorora sampuli, ita zvakakodzera kugadzirisa maererano nemhando dzavo dzakasiyana.
(1) Pakuisa majekiseni emvura, anofanira kunyatsosanganiswa uye kuiswa jekiseni zvichienderana nehuwandu.
(2) Pamasampuli akasimba, shandisa banga rakashongedzwa kuti ucheke 25g yezvikamu zvakasiyana, zviise mu 225mL ye sterilized saline kana mamwe mishonga, pwanya uye sanganisa nehomogenizer, uye jekiseni zvichienderana nehuwandu.
(3) Mabhodhoro nemabhegi ezvokudya zvinofanira kuvhurwa nekuita sterilization, uye nzira dziri pamusoro dzinofanira kusarudzwa maererano nemaitiro asati aiswa.
Sample yekuongorora, kurekodha uye kushuma zvinodiwa
1. Mushure mekugamuchira sampuli, imba yekuongorora inotanga kuitisa chitarisiko chekuongorora uye nekukasika kuongorora maererano nemitemo yenyika yekuongorora. Munguva yekuongorora maitiro, aseptic mashandiro anofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo, zvine hungwaru, uye nekunyatso kudziviriramicrobial test resultkusvibiswa munharaunda.
2. Nzira dzakashandiswa panguva yekuongororwa kwemuenzaniso, zviitiko nemigumisiro yakaitika, nezvimwewo inofanira kunyorwa muzvinyorwa zvekuongorora zvakanyorwa sechikonzero chekuongorora uye kutonga kwemigumisiro. Marekodhi anofanirwa kuve akadzama, akajeka, echokwadi, chinangwa, uye haafanire kuchinjwa kana kuumbwa.
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Aseptic oparesheni zvinodiwa:
1.Unofanira kupfeka mbatya dzebasa uye chivharo chebasa paunenge uchipinza mabhakitiriya.
2. Pakuisa majekiseni echikafu, zvipfeko zvakakosha zvebasa, makepisi nemaslippers zvinofanirwa kupfekwa, izvo zvinofanirwa kuiswa mukamuri yebhafa yekamuri isina hutachiona uye kushandiswa mushure mekuuraya hutachiona hweUV pamberi pebasa.
3. Pakuisa majekiseni ezvokudya, geza maoko ako nesipo usati wapinda muimba isina utachiona, wozopukuta maoko ako ne75% yedonje bhora.
4. Mashanga, ndiro dzakapfava uye midhiya yetsika inoshandiswa pakubaya inoculation inofanira kuvharwa uye kuvharirwa. Zvigaba zvisina kushandiswa hazvifanirwe kusiiwa zvisina kushandiswa mushure mekuvhura pasuru. Midziyo yesimbi inofanirwa kuve yakavharwa kana kupiswa katatu ne95% doro isati yashandiswa.
5. Paunenge uchibvisa sadza mupasuru, muromo weshanga haufanire kubata nhengo dziri pachena. Pakushandisa sadza kuisa jekiseni pachubhu yetest kana ndiro, muromo wesadza haufanire kubata kumucheto kwechubhu yetest kana ndiro.
6. Inoculating samples uye kutamisa mabhakitiriya kunofanira kuitwa pamberi pemwenje wedoro. Pakuisa majekiseni kana sampuli, mashanga acho anofanira kuvhariswa nemoto mushure mekubvisa mupasuru uye nekuvhura test tube stopper.
7. Usati wapinza mabhakitiriya, tambo dzose dzesimbi dzeinoculation loop uye tsono dzinofanira kupiswa nemurazvo, uye kana zvichidiwa, kubatana pakati pechiuno, tsono uye tsvimbo inofanira kupiswa. Iyo inoculation loop yeinoculating tuberculosis mabhakitiriya uye mabhakitiriya ane hutachiona anofanira kubikwa mumvura inopisa kwemaminitsi mashanu, uye wozopiswa nemoto.
8. Paunenge uchisveta mvura ine utachiona kana kuti samples neshanga, shandisa muromo werabha unoenderana nayo kuisveta, uye usaiyamwa zvakananga nemuromo wako.
Sterile room yekushandisa zvinodiwa:
1. Mahwindo anoenda kunze kwekamuri isina utachiona anofanira kunge ari kaviri-akapenya uye akavharwa. Haafanire kuvhurwa pakuda. Panofanira kuva nekamuri yebhavha uye gonhi rekutsvedza rinoenderana nehukuru hwekamuri isina hutachiona. Panofanirawo kuva nehwindo duku re 0.5 ~ 0.7m2. Mukugadzirira kupfuudza zvinhu mushure mekupinda mukamuri isina hutachiona.
2. Imba isina utachiona inofanira kugara yakachena. Mushure mekushanda, inofanira kubviswa utachiona ne 2% kusvika 3% cresol soap solution, nzvimbo yebasa inofanira kupukuta, uye zvinhu zvisingaenderani nekuedza hazvifaniri kuchengetwa.
3. Mukova wekamuri isina kuberekwa inofanira kuvharwa zvakasimba isati yashandiswa uye mushure mekushandisa, uye mwenje we ultraviolet unofanira kuvhurwa. Kana mwenje we ultraviolet wemukati wakamiswa uchishandiswa kuuraya hutachiona, mwenje we 30W we ultraviolet unodiwa. Nhambwe ndeye 1.0m, uye nguva yekudiridza haisi pasi pemaminetsi makumi matatu. Paunenge uchishandisa ultraviolet mwenje, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa Kushanda zvakananga pasi pe ultraviolet mwenje kudzivirira kukuvara. Mwenje unoda kupukutwa zvinyoro nyoro nedoro donje bhora mavhiki maviri ega ega kuti ubvise huruva uye girizi kuderedza kukanganiswa kwe ultraviolet kupinda.
4. Paunenge uchigadzira uye inoculating zvienzaniso zvekudya, pinda muimba isina kuchena yekushanda uye haubvumirwi kupinda kana kubuda pakuda. Kana zvinhu zvinoda kupfuudzwa, zvinogona kupfuudzwa nepahwindo diki.
5. Kana mhepo inofefetera ichida kuiswa muimba isina utachiona, panofanira kuva nemudziyo wokusefa.
Disinfection uye Sterilization Zvinodikanwa
Glassware, midziyo yesimbi uye tsika midhiya inoshandiswamicrobiological kuongorora, tsika dzakasvibiswa uye dzakaiswa jekiseni, nezvimwewo dzinofanirwa kuvharwa dzisati dzashandiswa. Dry kupisa uye kunyorova kupisa kudzvanya steam sterilization nzira.
1. Kugadzirira kusati kwaitwa sterilization
(1) Zvinhu zvese zvinoda kucheneswa zvinofanira kutanga zvasukwa nekuomeswa. Magirazi egirazi akadai semashanga uye ndiro dzakapfava dzinofanirwa kunge dzakasungwa nepepa. Kana machubhu esimbi akashandiswa, maburi emhepo paari anofanira kuvhurwa.
(2) Putira chivharo chetriangular flask ine tsika yemagariro mubepa, vhara test tube, uye vhomora pakati pesirinji, woiputira nejecha.
2. kuisa
(1) Dry heat sterilizer: Zvinhu hazvifanirwe kunge zvakawandisa uye hazvigone kubata madziro mana ebhokisi.
(2) Huru yakakwira - yekudzvanya steam cooker: Isa zvinhu zvine sterilized, zviputire zvakasiyana, uye zviise zvakananga muhumburumbira. Usawandisa zvinhu.
3. Kuongororwa kwemidziyo
(1) Tarisa uone kana switch yegonhi ichichinjika, kana ring yerabha yakuvadzwa uye kuti yakati sandara.
(2) Tarisa uone kana geji yepressure inogara pazero kana chiutsi chapera, vhara gonhi nekuvhara, pinza mweya chiutsi kana kupisa, uye tarisa kana pane kubuda kwemhepo, kana mamiriro akaiswa nejeji yepressure uye thermometer mechi, uye kana pombi yakavharika.
(3) Kune ma sterilizer ane otomatiki emagetsi chirongwa chekudzora dhizaini, chirongwa chakataurwa chinofanirwa kutariswa chisati chashandiswa kuti chione kana chichizadzisa zvinodiwa pakuvharisa.
4. Sterilization kurapwa
(1) Dry heat sterilization nzira:
Iyi nzira inokodzera zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi, kushatisa, kana kuputika pasi pekupisa kwakaoma. Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira girazi, zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, zvigadzirwa zveceramic, nezvimwe.
①Midziyo nemidziyo zvinofanirwa kugezwa zvisati zvaoma-kubikira kudzivirira tsvina yakanamirwa pamusoro kuti isave necarbonized.
② Panguva ye sterilization, zvinhu hazvifanirwe kunge zvakawandisa, usabate zvakananga pasi nemadziro ebhokisi, uye siya mapeji pakati pezvinhu.
③ Panguva yekudzivirira, vhara gonhi zvakasimba, batanidza magetsi, vhura gomba rekubuditsa kweanenge maminetsi makumi matatu kuti ubvise mweya unotonhora mu sterilizer, gadzirisa chiedza chechiratidzo kana tembiricha yakwira kusvika 160 ° C, uye ichengetedze kwemaawa 1.5 kusvika ku2.
④Kana sterilization yapera kana panguva yekukwira kwekushisa, musuwo unofanirwa kuvhurwa pasi pe60°C.
(2) Matanho anotevera anofanirwa kuteverwa kana uchishandisa chinotakurika chekubikira kana vertical pressure steam sterilizer:
① Wedzera 3L yemvura kumuviri mukuru weinotakurika yekumanikidza cooker, uye 16L yemvura kune yakatwasuka pressure cooker (huwandu hwemvura hunofanira kuzadzikiswa kana ikashandiswazve, uye mvura inoda kutsiviwa kana ikaita mhepo);
② Pachibikidzo chinotakurika chekubikira, isa pombi yekupopotera pamusoro pechivharo muchubhu yeskweya pamadziro emukati membiya yekuzarisa (mafiritsi asina hosi kana ayo ane ngura uye akatsemuka hosi haafaniri kushandiswa);
③ Fukidza chivharo chepamusoro uye woisimbisa zvakasimba kudzivirira kubuda kwemhepo; isa sterilizer pachitubu chemoto kuti upise, batidza simba reiyo vertical pressure cooker, uye vhura vharuvhu yekuburitsa pavhavha yepamusoro kuti ibudise mweya (kupedza mhepo kwemaminetsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu mushure mekunge mvura yafashaira) );
④Vhara vharuvhu yekupedza simba kuti usimudze kudzvanywa kwemhepo kune zvinodiwa uye uichengetedze kwenguva yakatarwa (zvichienderana nemhando yezvinhu zvakasimwa uye mamiriro akakodzera);
⑤ Mushure mekunge nguva yakatarwa yasvika, kune zvinhu zvinoda kuomeswa, pakarepo svinura vheji yekubuda kuti ubudise mhepo. Kana dzvinyiriro yadzokera paziro, itonhodze zvega kusvika pa60°C wobva wavhura chivharo kuti ubudise zvinhu zvacho. Kana iri chinhu chemvura, usazarura valve yekupedza. Poto inofanira kubviswa painopisa nekukasika uye yobvumirwa kuti itonhore zvagara kusvikira simba radzokera ku zero uye tembiricha yadzika pasi pe 60°C isati yavhura chivharo kuti ibudise zviri mukati kudzivirira kuparara kwemvura kamwe kamwe kubva pakuvira zvine chisimba kana kuputika kwemudziyo.
(3) Tevedza nhanho dzinotevera kushandisa yakachinjika pressure cooker steam sterilizer:
① Vhara gonhi repoto zvakasimba, vhura vharafu yemhepo, pinza chiutsi mumezzanine yekupisa, uye mweya unotonhora uri mumezzanine unozongoburitswa kuburikidza nemhepo inovharira;
②Mushure mekunge iyo interlayer yasvika patembiricha yakafanotemerwa, vhura vharafu yemhepo yekamuri yepoto, isa chiutsi mukamuri yehari, uye mweya unotonhora uri mukamuri yehari unozongoburitswa nemukati mehari inosunga mweya;
③Kana kudzvanywa uye tembiricha mukamuri yehari zvasvika pakudzvanywa kwakatarwa, gadzirisa vharafu yemhepo kuti irambe iripo;
④ Tonhodza tembiricha zvakajairika kana zvekugadzira kusvika 60 ℃ usati wavhura musuwo kuti ubvise zvinhu. Usashandise nzira yekukurumidza yekuburitsa steam kudzivirira kudonha nekukurumidza, kuvira kwechisimba kwemvura kana kuputika kwemudziyo;
⑤ Paunenge uchishandisa otomatiki chirongwa - inodzorwa pressure steam sterilizer, mushure mekuisa zvinhu uye nekuvhara gonhi zvakasimba, switch inoenderana inofanirwa kudzvanywa zvinoenderana nechikamu chezvinhu kuitira kuti sterilization iite otomatiki maererano nemaitiro anodiwa. Panguva ye sterilization, chiridzwa chakabatanidzwa chinofanira kushandiswa kurekodha tembiricha uye nguva. Nokuda kwekutsvaga mune ramangwana, zvinodiwa zvekushanda zvinofanira kunge zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo yemugadziri;
5. Sterilization tembiricha uye nguva
(1) Sterilization tembiricha yekuoma kupisa sterilizer ndeye 160 ℃, 1.5 ~ 2h.
(2) Sterilization tembiricha uye nguva yekumanikidza steam sterilizer
Iri nguva sterilization nzira
1. Sterilization nzira:
Shandisa steam sterilization pasina kumanikidzwa. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoparadzwa zviri nyore nepamusoro-kudzvanywa kwechipfunga, saka nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa kuvharisa.
(1) Isa zvinhu kuti zvicheneswe mupoto, vhara chivharo chepamusoro, vhura panobuda mvura, uye bvisa mvura yasara muhari.
(2) Vhara panobuditsa mvura, vhura gonhi rekupinda nemhepo, uye uraya utachiona kwemaminetsi gumi kusvika makumi maviri sezvinodiwa.
(3) Kana sterilization yapera, vhara gonhi rekupinda mhepo, budisa zvinhu uye umirire kuti zvitonhore kusvika kune imwe tembiricha, zviise mu 37 ° C incubator usiku hwose, uye ramba uchiuraya maererano nenzira iri pamusoro apa zuva rinotevera. Ita izvi katatu kuti uwane chinangwa chesterilization.
2. Mashandisiro e serum coagulator:
Apo tsika yemagariro ine zvakakosha zvinhu zvakadai se serum kana mazai, kupisa kwakanyanya kunoparadza zvokudya zvayo. Naizvozvo, tembiricha yakaderera inogona kushandiswa kugadzika serum uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zve sterilization:
(1) Paunenge uchishandisa serum yakasvibiswa neiyi nzira kune aliquot, kuseptic maoparesheni anofanirwa kutevedzerwa zvakanyanya, uye machubhu ekuyedza uye mahwendefa anofanirawo kucheneswa asati ashandiswa;
(2) Ita kuti tsika yemagariro iite mutsetse kana mutsetse wepamusoro sezvinodiwa. Mushure mekuwedzera mvura yakakwana, batanidza magetsi, simudza tembiricha kusvika 75 ~ 90 ° C kweawa imwe chete uye wozoibvisa. Iise mu 37 ° C incubator kwehusiku hwose, uye wozoiisa katatu.
3. Fashaidza uye kuuraya utachiona:
Iwe unogona kushandisa poto inofashaira kana sterilizer inofashaira. Mushure mekunge mvura yafashaira, bikai kwemaminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi nemashanu. Unogonawo kuwedzera 2% carbolic acid mumvura woifashaidza kwemaminitsi mashanu. Wedzera 0.02% formaldehyde woifashaidza pa80°C kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu kuti zvizadzise chinangwa chekuvharisa. Zvisinei, kufashaidza sterilization inogona kuwanikwa. Paunenge uchishandisa zvinosimudzira, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune kuora kwezvinhu.
4. Sterilization kurapwa:
Mushure mekuita sterilization, zvinhu zvatove steril mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa. Dzinofanirwa kunyatsotariswa uye kuiswa kana dzaburitswa kunze kwemushonga kudzivirira kusvibiswa zvakare;
(1) Bvisa zvinhu uye tarisa kutendeseka kwepakiti nekukurumidza. Kana pane kukuvadzwa kana tampon yakabviswa, haigoni kushandiswa sezvinhu zvisingabereki;
(2) Zvinhu zvakabviswa hazvigone kushandiswa sezvinhu zvisina hutachiona kana kurongedza kwavo kuri pachena kwakanyikwa mumvura;
(3) Chimiro chetsika kana reagents inofanira kuongororwa kuti ione kana inosangana neruvara kana nyika mushure mekuvhara. Avo vasingazadzise zvinodiwa vanofanira kuraswa;
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(5) Kana zvinhu zvakabviswa zvikawira pasi, zvikarasika panzvimbo isina kuchena, kana kuti zvakasvibiswa nemvura, zvinonzi zvakasvibiswa uye hazvigoni kushandiswa sechinhu chisina kuchena;
(6) Zvinhu zvakakodzerwa zvakaburitswa zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa muimba yekuchengetera kana huruva-proof cabinet, uye zvinorambidzwa zvachose kuzvisanganisa nezvinhu zvisina sterilized;
(7) Zvinhu zvese zvinokodzera zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa nemusi wekubereka uye zuva rekupera;
(8) Mushure mekunge batch yega yega yesterilization yapera, rekodha zita, huwandu, tembiricha, nguva, uye mushandisi wezvigadzirwa zvakasiiwa.
Zvinodiwa pakurapa chepfu uye utachiona tsvina
Midziyo yekuyedza uye tsika dzinoshandiswa mukuyedza hutachiona hazvifanirwe kuburitswa murabhoritari pasina kuuraya utachiona.
1. Zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakasvibiswa uye tsvina inofanira kuiswa mumidziyo yakasimba kana mabhasikiti ewaya uye inochengetwa nechepakati munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa kusvikira dzafanana dzakafanana.
2. Tsika dzakasvibiswa nema microorganisms dzinofanirwa kuve autoclaved pa 121 ° C kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.
3. Mushure mekushandiswa, mashanga akasvibiswa anofanirwa kuiswa mu 5% creol soap solution kana carbolic acid solution, yakanyoroveswa kwemaawa angangoita makumi maviri nemana (mushonga unouraya utachiona haufanire kunge wakaderera pane kureba kwekunyorovesa), uye wozoitwa sterilized nekumanikidza kwakanyanya pa121 ° C kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.
4. Mushonga wekusvibisa nekusukurudza smears unokwanisa kupeperetswa wakananga mugero resuweji. Mvura yekugezesa yemabhakitiriya ane hutachiona inofanira kugezeswa mubeaker uye kuvharirwa nemhepo yakanyanya isati yadirwa mugero. Masiraidhi ane mavara anoiswa mu5% cresol sipo solution. Mushure mekunyura mumvura kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana, bika uye suka. Masiraidhi kana ndiro dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora agglutination dzinofanirwa kuvharwa otogezwa.
5. Mushure mekuputsa tsika, pakarepo pfapfaidza uye unyorove zvikamu zvakasvibiswa ne 5% cresol soap solution kana carbolic acid solution, soak kwehafu yeawa uye wozopukuta.
Mbatya dzebasa dzakasvibiswa kana hembe dzebasa, makepisi, masks, nezvimwewo zvinopfekwa pakuongororwa zvine chisimba zvinofanirwa kuiswa mumabhegi ekuuraya utachiona uye kucheneswa nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya zvisati zvawachwa.
Zvido zvekugadzirira zvepakati
Hunhu hwekugadzirisa hutsika hwepakati huchakanganisa zvakananga kukura kwehutachiona, nekuti ma microorganisms akasiyana siyana ane zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa uye akasiyana tsika zvinangwa. Zvinodiwa zvekugadzirira kune akasiyana tsika media ndeaya anotevera:
1. Eresa zvigadzirwa maererano nemaitiro epakati, uye wozvinyungudusa mumvura yakasvibiswa. Unhu hweiyo inoshandiswa reagents uye mishonga inofanira kuongororwa isati yashandiswa.
2. pH kuyerwa uye kugadzirisa: pH kuyerwa kunofanirwa kuitwa kana iyo tsika yepakati yakatonhodzwa kusvika kukamuri tembiricha, nekuti pane imwe musiyano mupH pasi pekupisa kana kutonhora mamiriro. Kana kuyerwa kwapera, wedzera alkali kana asidhi zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakaverengerwa uye sanganisa zvakanaka. Inofanira kuongororwa zvakare. Iyo pH kukosha kweiyo tsika svikiro inofanirwa kuve yakarurama, zvikasadaro ichakanganisa kukura kwema microorganisms kana kukanganisa kucherechedzwa kwemhedzisiro. Zvakadaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kukwira-kudzvanya sterilization kunogona kukanganisa kudzikira kana kuwedzera kwepH yeimwe tsika media, saka hazvikurudzirwe kuomesa zvakanyanya kana nguva zhinji kudzivirira kukanganisa kunaka kwetsika. Zviratidzo, sodium deoxycholate, agar, nezvimwewo zvinowanzo Wedzera iyo mushure mekugadzirisa pH.
3. Chimiro chetsika chinoda kuchengetwa chakajeka kuti chibatsire kutarisa kukura kwebhakitiriya. Mushure mekunge tsika yetsika yapisa uye yakabikwa, inogona kusefa nekotoni inonwisa kana flannel kuti ibvise sediment. Kana zvichidikanwa, inogona kujekeswa nezai jena. Agar strips inoshandiswa inofanira kushambidzwa uye kuomeswa mberi. Usati washandisa, dzivisa kukanganisa kujekesa nekuda kwekusvibiswa mu agar.
4. Simbi, mhangura nemimwe midziyo haifanirwe kushandiswa kubata tsika. Zviri nani kushandisa midziyo yegirazi yakaoma isina kwayakarerekera.
5. Kugadziriswa kwetsika yetsika haifaniri kungozadzisa chinangwa chekugadzirisa zvakakwana, asiwo teerera kuti usaderedza kukosha kwayo kwekudya nekuda kwekupisa. Kazhinji, 121 ° C kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu inokwana. Kune vezvenhau vetsika vane zvinhu zvisingashiviriri kupisa kwakanyanya seshuga neserum, gelatin, nezvimwewo, zvinofanirwa kucheneswa nekudzikira tembiricha kana nzira yepakati. Mamwe mareagents asingakwanisi kupisa, akadai se potassium tellurite, egg yolk, TTC, antibiotics, nezvimwewo, inofanira kunyoroveswa kusvika anenge 50 ° C mushure mokunge agar yekutanga iine autoclaved uye yobva yawedzerwa;
6. Mushure mekunge batch yega yega yetsika media yagadzirwa, sterile yekukura bvunzo uye yekukura bvunzo dzemhando dzakaedzwa dzinofanira kuitwa. Kana iri biochemical tsika yepakati, shandisa yakajairwa mabhakitiriya strains ekupinza uye tsika, uye tarisa biochemical reaction mhedzisiro. Inofanira kuratidza kuita kwakajairika. Iyo tsika yemagariro haifanirwe kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba. Kana zvichidikanwa, inogona kuchengetwa mufiriji ye4 ° C.
7. Parizvino, kune marudzi mazhinji emhando dzakaoma tsika media. Batch yega yega inoda kushandisa yakajairwa madhiri ekukura bvunzo kana biochemical reaction yekutarisa. Yakasiyana-siyana tsika midhiya inogona kushandiswa chete mushure mekuyedzwa kwekukura kwemhando dzinoenderana zvakanaka. Zvichangobva kutengwa kana kuomeswa zvakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba zvinogona kushandiswa. Iyo pH yetsika yepakati inofanirwa kuyerwawo kana uchiigadzira, uye dosi uye nzira inofanirwa kuteverwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yechigadzirwa.
8. Iwo emakemikari reagents, sterilization mamiriro, strain kukura bvunzo mhinduro, uye vashandi vekugadzira vanoshandiswa mubatch yega yega yeyakagadzirirwa tsika midhiya inofanirwa kurekodhwa kuti iongororwe.
Sample kuunganidza uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa
1. Mienzaniso yekuongorora yakaunganidzwa inofanira kuva inomiririra. Paunenge uchitora sampling, iyo mbishi, kugadzirisa, yekufambisa, nzira dzekuchengetera uye mamiriro eiyo batch yechikafu, yakatenderedza mamiriro ehutano hwezvakatipoteredza, nezvimwe zvinofanirwa kuferefetwa zvakadzama kuti uone kana paine chero masosi ekusvibiswa.
2. Zvinoenderana nerudzi uye huwandu hwechikafu, iyo sampling yakawanda uye nzira inofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveyakajairwa nzira dzekuongorora.
3. Chenjerera kuvhiya kweaseptic paunenge uchitora sampling, uye mudziyo unofanirwa kucheneswa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwehutachiona munzvimbo. Chigaba chacho hachifanirwe kucheneswa ne creosal sipo solution, sterilization nechlormethionine, doro nemamwe ma disinfectants, uye hachifanirwe kunge chine mishonga yekuuraya utachiona kana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Kuti udzivise kuuraya tupukanana mumuenzaniso, chigero, mapanga, uye zvipunu zvakashandiswa zvinofanirwa kuomeswa zvisati zvashandiswa.
4. Mienzaniso inofanira kutumirwa kukamuri yekuongorora kuti iongororwe pakarepo mushure mekuunganidza. Iyo yekuongorora maitiro kazhinji haipfuure maawa matatu. Kana chinhambwe chakareba, chinogona kuchengetwa munzvimbo ye1 ~ 5 ℃. Kana ichida kuomeswa nechando, inofanira kuchengetwa muchando. Tumira kuti aongororwe.
5. Mushure mokugamuchira muenzaniso, imba yekuongorora ichainyora (zita remuenzaniso, chikwata chekuongorora, huwandu, zuva, nhamba, nezvimwewo) uye cherechedza kuonekwa kwemuenzaniso. Kana imwe yeanotevera mamiriro awanikwa, kuongorora kunogona kurambwa:
(1) Samples dzakaitwa sterilized nechaiyo high pressure, kufashaira kana dzimwe nzira dzinorasikirwa nekukosha kwadzo mukumiririra chikafu chekutanga;
(2) Mabhodhoro nemabhegi ezvokudya akazarurwa, nyama yakabikwa uye zvigadzirwa zvayo, huku yakabikwa nezvimwe zvokudya zvakaputsika uye zvisina kukwana, ndiko kuti, chimiro chepakutanga chekudya chakarasika (kunze kwechikafu chepfu sampuli);
(3) Sampling yakawanda haina kukwana sezvinodiwa;
Kune masampuli akaunzwa kuti aongororwe anosangana nezvinodiwa, imba yekuongorora inofanirwa kuita ongororo mushure mekugamuchira. Kana mamiriro acho asina kusangana, anofanira kuchengetwa mufiriji ye4 ° C, gadzirira kugadzira mamiriro panguva, uye wozoita kuongorora.
6. Paunenge uchiongorora sampuli, ita zvakakodzera kugadzirisa maererano nemhando dzavo dzakasiyana.
(1) Pakuisa majekiseni emvura, anofanira kunyatsosanganiswa uye kuiswa jekiseni zvichienderana nehuwandu.
(2) Pamasampuli akasimba, shandisa banga rakashongedzwa kuti ucheke 25g yezvikamu zvakasiyana, zviise mu 225mL ye sterilized saline kana mamwe mishonga, pwanya uye sanganisa nehomogenizer, uye jekiseni zvichienderana nehuwandu.
(3) Mabhodhoro nemabhegi ezvokudya zvinofanira kuvhurwa nekuita sterilization, uye nzira dziri pamusoro dzinofanira kusarudzwa maererano nemaitiro asati aiswa.
Sample yekuongorora, kurekodha uye kushuma zvinodiwa
1. Mushure mekugamuchira sampuli, imba yekuongorora inotanga kuitisa chitarisiko chekuongorora uye nekukasika kuongorora maererano nemitemo yenyika yekuongorora. Munguva yekuongorora maitiro, aseptic mashandiro anofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo, zvine hungwaru, uye nekunyatso kudziviriramicrobial test resultkusvibiswa munharaunda.
2. Nzira dzakashandiswa panguva yekuongororwa kwemuenzaniso, zviitiko nemigumisiro yakaitika, nezvimwewo inofanira kunyorwa muzvinyorwa zvekuongorora zvakanyorwa sechikonzero chekuongorora uye kutonga kwemigumisiro. Marekodhi anofanirwa kuve akadzama, akajeka, echokwadi, chinangwa, uye haafanire kuchinjwa kana kuumbwa.
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