Isishwankathelo seemfuno zovavanyo lwe-microbiological
2024-01-24 15:14:33
Iimfuno kunye namanyathelouvavanyo lwe-microbiologicalzezi zilandelayo:
Iimfuno zokusebenza kweAseptic:
1.Kufuneka unxibe iimpahla zokusebenza kunye nekepusi yokusebenza xa utofa iintsholongwane.
2. Xa utofa iisampulu zokutya, iimpahla ezikhethekileyo zomsebenzi, iikepusi kunye neslippers kufuneka zinxitywe, ekufuneka zibekwe kwigumbi le-buffer yegumbi elingenazintsholongwane kwaye zisetyenziswe emva kokubulawa kweentsholongwane kwi-UV ngaphambi komsebenzi.
3. Xa utofa iisampulu zokutya, hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwigumbi elingenazintsholongwane, uze wosule izandla zakho ngebhola yomqhaphu enxilisayo engama-75%.
4. Iindiza, izitya ezisicaba kunye ne-culture media esetyenziselwa ukutofa kufuneka icocwe kwaye ivalwe. Izikhongozeli ezingasetyenziswanga akufuneki zishiywe zingasetyenziswanga emva kokuvula ipakethe. Izitya zetsimbi kufuneka zifakwe ngokuzenzekelayo okanye zitshiswe kathathu nge-95% yotywala ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
5. Xa ukhupha i-straw kwiphakheji, incam yesitro mayingachukumisi iindawo ezivulekileyo. Xa usebenzisa umququ ukutofa ityhubhu yovavanyo okanye ipleyiti, incam yesitroyi mayingachukumisi isiphelo sombhobho wovavanyo okanye ipleyiti.
6. Iisampuli zokutshiza kunye neebhaktheriya zokudlulisa kufuneka zenziwe phambi kwesibane sotywala. Xa utofa iibhaktheriya okanye iisampulu, umququ kufuneka ucolwe ngedangatye emva kokuwukhupha kwiphakheji kunye nokuvula isithinteli sovavanyo lwetyhubhu.
7. Ngaphambi kokuba iibhaktheriya ze-inoculating, zonke iingcingo zetsimbi ze-inoculation loop kunye nenaliti kufuneka zitshiswe ngomlilo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-loop, inaliti kunye nentonga kufuneka kutshiswe. I-loop ye-inoculation ye-inoculating bacteria ye-tuberculosis kunye neebhaktheriya ezinobungozi kufuneka zibiliswe emanzini abilayo imizuzu emi-5, emva koko Itshiswe ngumlilo.
8. Xa ufunxa ulwelo lwebhaktiriya okanye iisampulu ngomququ, sebenzisa incam yerabha ehambelanayo ukuyifunxa, kwaye ungayifunxa ngqo ngomlomo wakho.
Iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwegumbi elingenazintsholongwane:
1. Iifestile ezikhokelela ngaphandle kwegumbi elingenazintsholongwane kufuneka ziphindwe kabini-zikhazimliswe kwaye zitywinwe. Akufunekanga bavulwe ngokuthanda kwabo. Kufuneka kubekho igumbi le-buffer kunye nocango lwesilayidi oluhambelana nobukhulu begumbi elingenazintsholongwane. Kufuneka kwakhona kubekho ifestile encinci ye-0.5 ~ 0.7m2. Ukulungiselela izinto ezidlulayo emva kokungena kwigumbi elinyumba.
2. Igumbi elingenazintsholongwane kufuneka ligcinwe licocekile. Emva komsebenzi, kufuneka ihlanjululwe nge-2% ukuya kwi-3% yesisombululo sesepha ye-cresol, indawo yokusebenza kufuneka isulwe, kwaye izinto ezingahambelani novavanyo akufanele zigcinwe.
3. Umnyango wegumbi eliyinyumba kufuneka uvalwe ngokuqinileyo ngaphambi nangemva kokusetyenziswa, kwaye isibane se-ultraviolet kufuneka sivulwe. Ukuba isibane se-ultraviolet sangaphakathi sinqunyanyiswa sisetyenziselwa ukutshatyalaliswa kweentsholongwane, isibane se-ultraviolet ye-30W siyafuneka. Umgama ngu-1.0m, kwaye ixesha lokukhupha i-irradiation alikho ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30. Xa usebenzisa izibane ze-ultraviolet, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuba Sebenza ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukuphepha umonakalo. Isibane kufuneka sihlanjululwe ngobumnene ngebhola yekotoni yotywala rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini ukususa uthuli kunye negrisi ukunciphisa impembelelo yokungena kwe-ultraviolet.
4. Xa ucutshungulwa kunye nokutofa iisampulu zokutya, ngena kwigumbi eliyinyumba ukuze usebenze kwaye akuvumelekanga ukungena okanye ukuphuma ngokuthanda. Ukuba izinto zifuna ukugqithiswa, zinokugqithiswa ngefestile encinci.
5. Ukuba i-air conditioning ifuna ukufakwa kwigumbi elingenazintsholongwane, kufuneka kubekho isixhobo sokucoca.
IiMfuno zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye neeNtsholongwane
Iglasi, izixhobo zentsimbi kunye nemidiya yenkcubeko esetyenziselwauvavanyo lwe-microbiological, iinkcubeko ezosulelekileyo kunye nezitofelweyo, njl.njl. kufuneka zicocwe phambi kokusetyenziswa. Ubushushu obomileyo kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu obumanzi iindlela zokuvala umphunga.
1. Ukulungiselela phambi kokuvalwa inzala
(1) Zonke izinto ezifuna ukucocwa kufuneka zihlanjwe zomiswe kuqala. Iiglasi ezifana neendiza kunye nezitya ezisicaba kufuneka zifakwe ngokuqinileyo ngephepha. Ukuba iibhubhu zetsimbi zisetyenzisiwe, imingxuma yokungena umoya kuyo kufuneka ivulwe.
(2) Songa isivalo seflaski engunxantathu equlethe isixhobo sokwenza izinto ngephepha, gquma umbhobho wovavanyo, uze utsale umbindi wesirinji, uze uwusonge ngeyasuyasu.
2. faka
(1) Isibulali-ntsholongwane sobushushu: Izinto kufuneka zingaxinana kwaye azikwazi ukubamba iindonga ezine zebhokisi.
(2) Isipheki esikhulu soxinzelelo oluphezulu Musa ukuxinanisa izinto.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo
(1) Khangela ukuba isitshixo socango siyabhetyebhetye kusini na, ukuba iringi yerabha yonakele na kwaye isicaba.
(2) Khangela ukuba igeyiji yoxinzelelo ihlala kwindawo enguziro xa umphunga uphelile, vala ucango kunye negquma, khupha umoya okanye ubushushu, kwaye ujonge ukuba kukho ukuvuza komoya, ukuba iimeko eziphawulwe sisigeyi soxinzelelo kunye nethemometha iyahambelana, nokuba umbhobho uvalekile kusini na.
(3) Kwizibulali-ntsholongwane ezinezixhobo zokulawula inkqubo yombane ezizenzekelayo, inkqubo echaziweyo kufuneka ihlolwe phambi kokusetyenziswa ukuze kubonwe ukuba iyazanelisa na iimfuno zokuvala inzala.
4. Unyango lokuvala inzala
(1) Indlela yokuvala ubushushu obumileyo:
Le ndlela ifanelekile kwizinto ezingonakalisi, ziwohloke, okanye zibe ngumphunga phantsi kweemeko zokushisa ezomileyo. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukwenza iintsholongwane zeglasi, iimveliso zetsimbi, iimveliso ze-ceramic, njl.
①Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zihlanjwe ngaphambi kokuba zome-ukubhaka ukunqanda ubumdaka obuncanyathiselwe kumphezulu ukuba bube nekhabhoni.
② Ngexesha lokuvala inzala, izinto akufunekanga zigqitywe, musa ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kunye nodonga lwebhokisi, kwaye ushiye izikhewu phakathi kwezinto.
③ Ngexesha lokuvala inzala, vala umnyango ngokuqinileyo, udibanise umbane, vula umngxuma wokukhupha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukususa umoya obandayo kwi-sterilizer, ulungelelanise ukukhanya kwesalathisi xa izinga lokushisa liphakama ukuya kwi-160 ° C, kwaye ligcine i-1.5 kwiiyure ze-2.
④Emva kokuba inzala igqityiwe okanye ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ucango kufuneka luvulwe ngaphantsi kwe-60°C.
(2) La manyathelo alandelayo kufuneka alandelwe xa usebenzisa isitovu soxinzelelo esiphathwayo okanye isicoci soxinzelelo oluthe nkqo:
① Yongeza i-3L yamanzi kumzimba oyintloko wesipheki esiphathwayo soxinzelelo, kunye ne-16L yamanzi kwisipheki soxinzelelo oluthe nkqo (ubungakanani bamanzi kufuneka buphinde buzaliswe xa buphinda busetyenziswa, kwaye amanzi kufuneka atshintshwe ukuba axokomezekile);
② Kwisipheki esiphathwayo soxinzelelo, faka umbhobho wokukhupha kwikhava ephezulu kwityhubhu yesikwere kudonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho wokuvala inzala (izibulali-ntsholongwane ezingenamibhobho okanye ezo zinemibhobho edlekileyo naqhekeke mazingasetyenziswa);
③ Gquma isiciko esiphezulu kwaye usiqinise ngokuqinileyo ukunqanda ukuvuza komoya; beka isibulali-ntsholongwane kwindawo yomlilo ukuze ufudumale, vula amandla esipheki soxinzelelo oluthe nkqo, kwaye uvule ivalve yokukhupha ivalve ekwisigqubuthelo esingaphezulu ukuze ukhuphe umoya (khupha umoya kangangemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 emva kokuba amanzi ebebile) );
④Vala ivalve yokukhupha ukunyusa uxinzelelo lomphunga kwiimfuno ezichaziweyo kwaye uyigcine kangangexesha elichaziweyo (kuxhomekeke kubume bezinto ezicoliweyo kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo);
⑤ Emva kokuba ixesha elichaziweyo lifinyelelwe, kwizinto ezifuna ukoma, vula ngokukhawuleza i-valve yokukhupha ukukhupha umphunga. Xa uxinzelelo lubuyela ku-zero, lupholise ngokwemvelo kwi-60 ° C kwaye emva koko uvule isiciko ukuze ukhuphe izinto. Ukuba yinto engamanzi, musa ukuvula ivalve yokukhupha. Imbiza kufuneka isuswe kumthombo wobushushu ngoko nangoko kwaye ivunyelwe ukuba iphole ngokwemvelo de uxinzelelo lubuyele ku-zero kwaye iqondo lobushushu lehle ngaphantsi kwe-60°C phambi kokuvula isiciko ukukhupha imixholo ukuthintela ukuthotywa ngesiquphe kolwelo ekubiliseni ngamandla okanye ukudubula kwesikhongozeli.
(3) Landela la manyathelo alandelayo ukuze usebenzise isicoci soxinzelelo esithe tyaba kwisihovi somoya:
①Vala ucango lwembiza ngokuqinileyo, vula ivalve yokungena emoyeni, ngenisa umphunga kwi-mezzanine ukuze ufudunyezwe, kwaye umoya obandayo kwi-mezzanine uya kukhutshwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwisithintelo somoya;
②Emva kokuba i-interlayer ifikelele kubushushu obumiselweyo, vula ivalve yokungena yomoya yegumbi lembiza, yazisa umphunga kwigumbi lembiza, kwaye umoya obandayo okwigumbi lembiza uya kuphuma ngokuzenzekelayo ngegumbi lomoya lembiza;
③Xa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu kwigumbi lembiza lifikelela kuxinzelelo oluchaziweyo, hlengahlengisa ivalve yokungena komoya ukuyigcina ingatshintshi;
④ Pholisa ubushushu ngokwendalo okanye ngokwendalo ukuya kwi-60℃ ngaphambi kokuvula umnyango ukuze ukhuphe izinto. Musa ukusebenzisa indlela yokukhupha umphunga ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda ukuhla koxinzelelo ngesiquphe, ukubila ngobundlobongela kolwelo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo lwesingxobo;
⑤ Xa usebenzisa inkqubo ezenzekelayo-i-sterilizer yoxinzelelo olulawulwayo, emva kokubeka izinto kunye nokuvala umnyango ngokuqinileyo, umtshintshi ohambelanayo kufuneka ucinezele ngokwecandelo lezinto ukwenzela ukuba inzala iqhutywe ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwemigaqo efunekayo. Ngexesha lokuvala inzala, isixhobo esiqhotyoshelweyo kufuneka sisetyenziswe ukurekhoda ubushushu kunye nexesha. Ukubhekisela kwixesha elizayo, iimfuno zokusebenza kufuneka zihambelane ngokungqongqo nemiyalelo yomenzi;
5. Sterilization lobushushu kunye nexesha
(1) Iqondo lobushushu lokuvala ubushushu bomileyo yi-160℃, 1.5 ~ 2h.
(2) Ubushushu bokwenza inzalo kunye nexesha loxinzelelo lwesterilizer yomphunga
Indlela yokuvala inzala ngamaxesha athile
1. Indlela yokuvala inzala:
Sebenzisa inzala yomphunga ngaphandle koxinzelelo. Ezinye izinto zitshatyalaliswa ngokulula kukuvalwa koxinzelelo lomphunga ophezulu, ngoko ke le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukuvala inzala.
(1) Beka izinto eziza kucocwa embizeni, vala isiciko esingaphezulu, vula indawo yokukhupha amanzi, kwaye ukhuphe amanzi aseleyo embizeni.
(2) Vala umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi, vula umnyango wokungena umoya, uze ubulale iintsholongwane kangangemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 njengoko kuyimfuneko.
(3) Emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukuvala inzala, vala umnyango ongenisa umoya, ukhuphe izinto uze ulinde ziphole kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, zifake kwi-incubator engama-37°C ngobusuku, uze uqhubeke nokuvala inzala ngokwendlela engasentla ngosuku olulandelayo. Yenza oku kathathu ukuze ufezekise injongo yokuvala inzala.
2. Uyisebenzisa njani i-serum coagulator:
Xa i-culture medium iqulethe izithako ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-serum okanye amaqanda, ukushisa okuphezulu kuya kutshabalalisa izondlo zayo. Ke ngoko, ubushushu obuphantsi bunokusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-serum kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo zokuvala inzala:
(1) Xa usebenzisa i-serum ecociweyo ngale ndlela ukuya kwi-aliquot, imisebenzi ye-aseptic kufuneka ilandelwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye iityhubhu zovavanyo kunye neepleyiti kufuneka zihlanjululwe phambi kokusetyenziswa;
(2) Yenza indawo yenkcubeko ibe yithambeka okanye umaleko ophezulu njengoko kufuneka. Emva kokuba ungeze amanzi aneleyo, qhagamshela umbane, uphakamise ubushushu ukuya kwi-75 ~ 90 ° C ngeyure enye uze uyicolise. Yifake kwi-incubator engu-37°C ngobusuku, uze uyicolise kathathu.
3. Bilisa kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane:
Ungasebenzisa imbiza ebilayo okanye i-sterilizer ebilisiwe. Emva kokubila kwamanzi, yibilise imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwe-15. Ungongeza kwakhona i-2% ye-carbolic acid emanzini kwaye ubilise imizuzu emi-5. Yongeza i-0.02% ye-formaldehyde kwaye uyibilise ku-80 ° C imizuzu engama-60 ukuphumeza injongo yokuvala inzala. Nangona kunjalo, ukubilisa inzala kunokufezekiswa. Xa usebenzisa izixhasi, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukubola kwezinto.
4. Unyango lokuvala inzala:
Emva kokuvala inzala, izinto sele zinyumba phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Kufuneka zihlolwe ngononophelo kwaye zibekwe xa zikhutshiwe kwisibulali-ntsholongwane ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwakhona;
(1) Zikhuphe izinto kwaye ujonge ingqibelelo yokupakishwa kwangoko. Ukuba kukho umonakalo okanye i-tampon isusiwe, ayinakusetyenziswa njengezinto eziyinyumba;
(2) Izinto ezikhutshiweyo azinakusetyenziswa njengezinto ezingcolileyo ukuba ukupakishwa kwazo ngokucacileyo zifakwe emanzini;
(3) Isixhobo senkcubeko okanye ii-reagents kufuneka zihlolwe ukubona ukuba ziyadibana nombala okanye imeko emva kokuvalwa inzala. Ezo zingafikeleliyo kwiimfuno kufuneka zilahlwe;
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(5) Ukuba izinto ezisusiweyo ziwela emhlabeni, zibekwe kwindawo engacocekanga, okanye zifakwe emanzini, zibhekwa njengezosulelekileyo kwaye azinakusetyenziswa njengezinto ezingcolileyo;
(6) Izinto eziziintsholongwane eziqinisekisiweyo ezikhutshiweyo kufuneka zigcinwe kwigumbi lokugcina okanye uthuli-ikhabhathi yokuthintela, kwaye kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo ukuzixuba nezinto ezingacocwanga;
(7) Zonke izinto ezifanelekileyo kufuneka ziphawulwe ngomhla wokuvalwa kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa;
(8) Emva kokuba ibhetshi nganye yokuvala inzala igqityiwe, bhala igama, ubungakanani, amaqondo obushushu, ixesha, kunye nomsebenzi weemveliso ezicoliweyo.
Iimfuno zonyango lwenkunkuma enetyhefu kunye nebhaktheriya
Izixhobo zovavanyo kunye neenkcubeko ezisetyenziswa kuvavanyo lwe-microbiological kufuneka zingakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwebhubhoratri ngaphandle kokubulala iintsholongwane.
1. Izinto ezingcolisekileyo ezikhuliswayo kunye nenkunkuma kufuneka zifakwe kwizikhongozeli eziqinileyo okanye kwiibhasikithi zocingo kwaye zigcinwe kwindawo ephakathi kwiindawo ezichongiweyo de zibe zi-autoclaved ngokufanayo.
2. Iinkcubeko ezingcoliswe yi-microorganisms kufuneka zifakwe kwi-autoclaved kwi-121 ° C imizuzu engama-30.
3. Emva kokusetyenziswa, iindiza ezingcolileyo kufuneka zifakwe kwi-5% yesisombululo sesepha se-creol okanye isisombululo se-carbolic acid, sixutywe ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 (i-disinfectant liquid kufuneka ingabi ngaphantsi kokuphakama kwe-soaking), kwaye i-sterilized ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-121 ° C imizuzu engama-30.
4. Ulwelo lokungcolisa kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwe-smears kunokugungxulelwa ngokuthe ngqo kumjelo ophantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka. Ulwelo lokuhlanjululwa kwebhaktiriya enobungozi kufuneka lugungxulwe kwibhekile kwaye lucociswe luxinzelelo oluphezulu phambi kokuba lugalelwe kumjelo ophantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka. Izilayidi ezigcotyiweyo zifakwe kwi-5% yesisombululo sesepha ye-cresol. Emva kokucwina emanzini iiyure ezingama-24, yibilise kwaye uhlambe. Izilayidi okanye izitya ezisetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwe-agglutination kufuneka zifakwe kwi-autoclaved emva koko zihlanjwe.
5. Emva kokuphula inkcubeko, ngokukhawuleza utshize kwaye udibanise iindawo ezingcolileyo kunye ne-5% yesisombululo sesepha se-cresol okanye isisombululo se-carbolic acid, cwilisa isiqingatha seyure uze usule.
Impahla yokusebenza engcolisekileyo okanye impahla yokusebenza, iikepusi, iimaski, njl.njl. ezinxitywa kuvavanyo lobundlobongela kufuneka zifakwe kwiingxowa ezikhethekileyo zokubulala iintsholongwane kwaye zicocwe ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu phambi kokuba zihlanjwe.
Iimfuno zamalungiselelo aphakathi
Umgangatho wokulungiswa okuphakathi kwenkcubeko kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhula kwee-microorganisms, kuba ii-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zesondlo kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko. Iimfuno zamalungiselelo kumajelo osasazo enkcubeko zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Ukulinganisa izithako ngokwendlela ephakathi, uze uchithe emanzini adibeneyo. Umgangatho we-reagents esetyenzisiweyo kunye neziyobisi kufuneka zihlolwe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
2. Umlinganiselo we-pH kunye nokulungelelaniswa: Ukulinganisa i-pH kufuneka kuqhutywe xa i-culture medium ipholile kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa, kuba kukho umahluko othile kwi-pH phantsi kweemeko ezishushu okanye ezibandayo. Xa umlinganiselo ugqityiwe, yongeza i-alkali okanye i-asidi ngokwexabiso elibaliweyo kwaye udibanise kakuhle. Kufuneka ivavanywe kwakhona. Ixabiso le-pH yendawo yenkcubeko kufuneka ichaneke, ngaphandle koko iya kuchaphazela ukukhula kwe-microorganisms okanye ichaphazele ukuqwalaselwa kweziphumo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuvalwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu-noxinzelelo kunokuchaphazela ukwehla okanye ukonyuka kwe-pH yemithombo yosasazo yenkcubeko, ngoko ke akucetyiswa ukuvala inzala kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu okanye amaxesha amaninzi kakhulu ukunqanda ukuchaphazela umgangatho wesixhobo senkcubeko. Iimpawu, i-sodium deoxycholate, i-agar, njl. ngokuqhelekileyo Yongeza emva kokulungelelanisa i-pH.
3. I-culture medium kufuneka igcinwe icacile ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukujonga ukukhula kwebhaktiriya. Emva kokuba i-culture medium ishushu kwaye ibilisiwe, inokuhluzwa ngekotoni efunxayo okanye i-flannel ukususa intlenga. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokucaciswa ngeqanda elimhlophe. Imicu ye-agar esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ihlanjwe kwaye yomiswe kwangaphambili. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, thintela ukuchaphazela ukungafihli ngenxa yokungcola kwi-agar.
4. I-ayini, ubhedu kunye nezinye izikhongozeli akufuneki zisetyenziswe ekubambeni isixhobo sokufundisa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izikhongozeli zeglasi elukhuni ezingathathi hlangothi.
5. I-sterilization ye-culture medium mayingafezekisi kuphela injongo yokuvala inzala epheleleyo, kodwa kwakhona ithathele ingqalelo ukuba inganciphisi ixabiso layo lesondlo ngenxa yokufudumeza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-121 ° C imizuzu eyi-15 yanele. Kwimithombo yeendaba yenkcubeko equlethe izinto ezinganyamezeliyo ubushushu obuphezulu njengeswekile kunye neserum, igelatin, njl., kufuneka icocwe ngeqondo lobushushu eliphantsi okanye indlela ephazamisayo. Amanye ama-reagents angenakufudumala, njenge-potassium tellurite, i-yolk yeqanda, i-TTC, i-antibiotics, njl., kufuneka ipholile ukuya malunga ne-50 ° C emva kokuba i-agar eyisiseko i-autoclaved kwaye yongezwa;
6. Emva kokuba ibhetshi nganye ye-culture media ilungisiwe, uvavanyo lokukhula olungenazintsholongwane kunye novavanyo lokukhula kweentlobo ezivavanyiweyo kufuneka lwenziwe. Ukuba yindawo yenkcubeko yebhayoloji, sebenzisa iintlobo zebhaktiriya ezisemgangathweni zokutofa kunye nenkcubeko, kwaye ujonge iziphumo zokusabela kwi-biochemical. Kufuneka ibonise ukusabela okuqhelekileyo. Indawo yenkcubeko akufuneki igcinwe ixesha elide. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokugcinwa kwifriji ye-4 ° C.
7. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemidiya yenkcubeko eyomileyo. Ibhetshi nganye kufuneka isebenzise iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lokukhula okanye uqwalaselo lokusabela kwi-biochemical. Imidiya eyahlukeneyo yenkcubeko ingasetyenziswa kuphela emva kokuba uvavanyo lokukhula kweentlobo ezihambelanayo lulungile. Ezisanda kuthengwa okanye ezomisiweyo ezigcinwe ixesha elide zingasetyenziswa. I-pH yendawo yenkcubeko kufuneka ilinganiswe xa uyilungiselela, kwaye umthamo kunye nendlela kufuneka ilandelwe ngokwemiyalelo yemveliso.
8. Iikhemikhali ze-reagents, iimeko zokuvala inzala, iziphumo zovavanyo lokukhula koxinzelelo, kunye nabasebenzi bemveliso abasetyenziswa kwibhetshi nganye yemidiya yenkcubeko elungisiweyo kufuneka zirekhodwe ukwenzela uphando.
Iisampulu zokuqokelelwa kunye neemfuno zokusetyenzwa
1. Iisampulu zokuhlola eziqokelelweyo mazimele. Xa kusenziwa isampuli, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ukusetyenzwa, ukuthuthwa, iindlela zokugcina kunye neemeko zebhetshi yokutya, iimeko zempilo ezingqongileyo ezingqongileyo, njl.
2. Ngokohlobo kunye nobungakanani bokutya, ubungakanani besampulu kunye nendlela kufuneka iqhutywe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zeendlela zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo.
3. Nika ingqwalasela ekusebenzeni kwe-aseptic xa uthatha isampuli, kwaye isikhongozelo kufuneka sicociswe ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwe-microbial kwindawo. Isikhongozeli akufuneki sivalwe ngesisombululo sesepha ye-creosal, ukuvala inzala nge-chlormethionine, utywala kunye nezinye izibulala-ntsholongwane, kwaye kufuneka singaqulathi ezo zibulali ntsholongwane okanye izibulala-ntsholongwane. Ukuze uthintele ukubulala iintsholongwane kwisampulu, izikere, iimela, kunye namacephe asetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zicocwe phambi kokusetyenziswa.
4. Iisampuli kufuneka zithunyelwe kwigumbi lokuhlola ukuze zihlolwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ziqokelelwe. Inkqubo yokuhlola ngokubanzi ayidluli kwiiyure ezi-3. Ukuba umgama mde, unokugcinwa kwindawo eyi-1 ~ 5℃. Ukuba ifuna ukukhenkceza, kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo engumkhenkce. Ngenisa ukuze uhlolwe.
5. Emva kokufumana isampuli, igumbi lokuhlola liya kubhalisa (igama lesampula, iyunithi yokuhlola, ubuninzi, umhla, inombolo, njl.) kwaye ijonge ukubonakala kwesampuli. Ukuba nayiphi na le miqathango ilandelayo ifunyenwe, uhlolo lunokwaliwa:
(1) Iisampulu eziye zahluthwa ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu olukhethekileyo, ukubilisa okanye ezinye iindlela ziya kulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kokumela ukutya kokuqala;
(2) Iibhotile kunye neengxowa zokutya zivuliwe, inyama ephekiweyo kunye neemveliso zayo, iinkukhu eziphekiweyo kunye nokunye ukutya ziye zaphulwa kwaye aziphelelanga, oko kukuthi, ukumila kokutya kokuqala kulahlekile (ngaphandle kweesampuli zetyhefu yokutya);
(3) Ubungakanani besampulu awanelanga njengoko kufuneka;
Kwiisampuli ezingeniswe ukuba zihlolwe ezihlangabezana neemfuno, igumbi lokuhlola kufuneka liqhube ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzifumana. Ukuba iimeko azihlangabezwanga, kufuneka zigcinwe kwi-4 ° C efrijini, zilungiselele ukudala iimeko ngexesha, kwaye emva koko ziqhube ukuhlolwa.
6. Xa uhlola iisampuli, yenza inkqubo efanelekileyo ngokweempawu zazo ezahlukeneyo.
(1) Xa iisampulu zamanzi zitofa, kufuneka zixutywe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye zitofwe ngokwexabiso.
(2) Kwiisampulu eziqinileyo, sebenzisa imela edibeneyo ukusika i-25g yamalungu ahlukeneyo, uwabeke kwi-225mL ye-saline ecocekileyo okanye ezinye izisombululo, utyumze kwaye udibanise ne-homogenizer, kwaye ugobe ngokwexabiso.
(3) Iibhotile kunye neengxowa zokutya kufuneka zivulwe ngokuvala inzala, kwaye ezi ndlela zingentla kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweempawu ngaphambi kokugonywa.
Ukuhlolwa kwesampuli, iimfuno zokurekhoda kunye nokunika ingxelo
1. Emva kokufumana isampuli, igumbi lokuhlola liya kuqala liqhube ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo kwaye liqhube ngokukhawuleza ukuhlolwa ngokuhambelana neendlela zokuhlola umgangatho wesizwe. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlola, imisebenzi ye-aseptic kufuneka yenziwe ngononophelo, ngokuthembekileyo, kwaye ngokungqongqo ukuphephaiziphumo zovavanyo lwemicrobialukungcoliseka kokusingqongileyo.
2. Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlola isampuli, iziganeko kunye neziphumo ezenzeke, njl.njl kufuneka zibhalwe kwiirekhodi zovavanyo ezibhaliweyo njengesiseko sokuhlalutya kunye nesigwebo seziphumo. Iirekhodi kufuneka zibe neenkcukacha, zicace, zibe yinyani, zibe nenjongo, kwaye kufuneka zingatshintshwa okanye zenziwe ngomgunyathi.
Iimfuno zokusebenza kweAseptic:
1.Kufuneka unxibe iimpahla zokusebenza kunye nekepusi yokusebenza xa utofa iintsholongwane.
2. Xa utofa iisampulu zokutya, iimpahla ezikhethekileyo zomsebenzi, iikepusi kunye neslippers kufuneka zinxitywe, ekufuneka zibekwe kwigumbi le-buffer yegumbi elingenazintsholongwane kwaye zisetyenziswe emva kokubulawa kweentsholongwane kwi-UV ngaphambi komsebenzi.
3. Xa utofa iisampulu zokutya, hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwigumbi elingenazintsholongwane, uze wosule izandla zakho ngebhola yomqhaphu enxilisayo engama-75%.
4. Iindiza, izitya ezisicaba kunye ne-culture media esetyenziselwa ukutofa kufuneka icocwe kwaye ivalwe. Izikhongozeli ezingasetyenziswanga akufuneki zishiywe zingasetyenziswanga emva kokuvula ipakethe. Izitya zetsimbi kufuneka zifakwe ngokuzenzekelayo okanye zitshiswe kathathu nge-95% yotywala ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
5. Xa ukhupha i-straw kwiphakheji, incam yesitro mayingachukumisi iindawo ezivulekileyo. Xa usebenzisa umququ ukutofa ityhubhu yovavanyo okanye ipleyiti, incam yesitroyi mayingachukumisi isiphelo sombhobho wovavanyo okanye ipleyiti.
6. Iisampuli zokutshiza kunye neebhaktheriya zokudlulisa kufuneka zenziwe phambi kwesibane sotywala. Xa utofa iibhaktheriya okanye iisampulu, umququ kufuneka ucolwe ngedangatye emva kokuwukhupha kwiphakheji kunye nokuvula isithinteli sovavanyo lwetyhubhu.
7. Ngaphambi kokuba iibhaktheriya ze-inoculating, zonke iingcingo zetsimbi ze-inoculation loop kunye nenaliti kufuneka zitshiswe ngomlilo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-loop, inaliti kunye nentonga kufuneka kutshiswe. I-loop ye-inoculation ye-inoculating bacteria ye-tuberculosis kunye neebhaktheriya ezinobungozi kufuneka zibiliswe emanzini abilayo imizuzu emi-5, emva koko Itshiswe ngumlilo.
8. Xa ufunxa ulwelo lwebhaktiriya okanye iisampulu ngomququ, sebenzisa incam yerabha ehambelanayo ukuyifunxa, kwaye ungayifunxa ngqo ngomlomo wakho.
Iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwegumbi elingenazintsholongwane:
1. Iifestile ezikhokelela ngaphandle kwegumbi elingenazintsholongwane kufuneka ziphindwe kabini-zikhazimliswe kwaye zitywinwe. Akufunekanga bavulwe ngokuthanda kwabo. Kufuneka kubekho igumbi le-buffer kunye nocango lwesilayidi oluhambelana nobukhulu begumbi elingenazintsholongwane. Kufuneka kwakhona kubekho ifestile encinci ye-0.5 ~ 0.7m2. Ukulungiselela izinto ezidlulayo emva kokungena kwigumbi elinyumba.
2. Igumbi elingenazintsholongwane kufuneka ligcinwe licocekile. Emva komsebenzi, kufuneka ihlanjululwe nge-2% ukuya kwi-3% yesisombululo sesepha ye-cresol, indawo yokusebenza kufuneka isulwe, kwaye izinto ezingahambelani novavanyo akufanele zigcinwe.
3. Umnyango wegumbi eliyinyumba kufuneka uvalwe ngokuqinileyo ngaphambi nangemva kokusetyenziswa, kwaye isibane se-ultraviolet kufuneka sivulwe. Ukuba isibane se-ultraviolet sangaphakathi sinqunyanyiswa sisetyenziselwa ukutshatyalaliswa kweentsholongwane, isibane se-ultraviolet ye-30W siyafuneka. Umgama ngu-1.0m, kwaye ixesha lokukhupha i-irradiation alikho ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30. Xa usebenzisa izibane ze-ultraviolet, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuba Sebenza ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukuphepha umonakalo. Isibane kufuneka sihlanjululwe ngobumnene ngebhola yekotoni yotywala rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini ukususa uthuli kunye negrisi ukunciphisa impembelelo yokungena kwe-ultraviolet.
4. Xa ucutshungulwa kunye nokutofa iisampulu zokutya, ngena kwigumbi eliyinyumba ukuze usebenze kwaye akuvumelekanga ukungena okanye ukuphuma ngokuthanda. Ukuba izinto zifuna ukugqithiswa, zinokugqithiswa ngefestile encinci.
5. Ukuba i-air conditioning ifuna ukufakwa kwigumbi elingenazintsholongwane, kufuneka kubekho isixhobo sokucoca.
IiMfuno zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye neeNtsholongwane
Iglasi, izixhobo zentsimbi kunye nemidiya yenkcubeko esetyenziselwauvavanyo lwe-microbiological, iinkcubeko ezosulelekileyo kunye nezitofelweyo, njl.njl. kufuneka zicocwe phambi kokusetyenziswa. Ubushushu obomileyo kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu obumanzi iindlela zokuvala umphunga.
1. Ukulungiselela phambi kokuvalwa inzala
(1) Zonke izinto ezifuna ukucocwa kufuneka zihlanjwe zomiswe kuqala. Iiglasi ezifana neendiza kunye nezitya ezisicaba kufuneka zifakwe ngokuqinileyo ngephepha. Ukuba iibhubhu zetsimbi zisetyenzisiwe, imingxuma yokungena umoya kuyo kufuneka ivulwe.
(2) Songa isivalo seflaski engunxantathu equlethe isixhobo sokwenza izinto ngephepha, gquma umbhobho wovavanyo, uze utsale umbindi wesirinji, uze uwusonge ngeyasuyasu.
2. faka
(1) Isibulali-ntsholongwane sobushushu: Izinto kufuneka zingaxinana kwaye azikwazi ukubamba iindonga ezine zebhokisi.
(2) Isipheki esikhulu soxinzelelo oluphezulu Musa ukuxinanisa izinto.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo
(1) Khangela ukuba isitshixo socango siyabhetyebhetye kusini na, ukuba iringi yerabha yonakele na kwaye isicaba.
(2) Khangela ukuba igeyiji yoxinzelelo ihlala kwindawo enguziro xa umphunga uphelile, vala ucango kunye negquma, khupha umoya okanye ubushushu, kwaye ujonge ukuba kukho ukuvuza komoya, ukuba iimeko eziphawulwe sisigeyi soxinzelelo kunye nethemometha iyahambelana, nokuba umbhobho uvalekile kusini na.
(3) Kwizibulali-ntsholongwane ezinezixhobo zokulawula inkqubo yombane ezizenzekelayo, inkqubo echaziweyo kufuneka ihlolwe phambi kokusetyenziswa ukuze kubonwe ukuba iyazanelisa na iimfuno zokuvala inzala.
4. Unyango lokuvala inzala
(1) Indlela yokuvala ubushushu obumileyo:
Le ndlela ifanelekile kwizinto ezingonakalisi, ziwohloke, okanye zibe ngumphunga phantsi kweemeko zokushisa ezomileyo. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukwenza iintsholongwane zeglasi, iimveliso zetsimbi, iimveliso ze-ceramic, njl.
①Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zihlanjwe ngaphambi kokuba zome-ukubhaka ukunqanda ubumdaka obuncanyathiselwe kumphezulu ukuba bube nekhabhoni.
② Ngexesha lokuvala inzala, izinto akufunekanga zigqitywe, musa ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kunye nodonga lwebhokisi, kwaye ushiye izikhewu phakathi kwezinto.
③ Ngexesha lokuvala inzala, vala umnyango ngokuqinileyo, udibanise umbane, vula umngxuma wokukhupha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukususa umoya obandayo kwi-sterilizer, ulungelelanise ukukhanya kwesalathisi xa izinga lokushisa liphakama ukuya kwi-160 ° C, kwaye ligcine i-1.5 kwiiyure ze-2.
④Emva kokuba inzala igqityiwe okanye ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ucango kufuneka luvulwe ngaphantsi kwe-60°C.
(2) La manyathelo alandelayo kufuneka alandelwe xa usebenzisa isitovu soxinzelelo esiphathwayo okanye isicoci soxinzelelo oluthe nkqo:
① Yongeza i-3L yamanzi kumzimba oyintloko wesipheki esiphathwayo soxinzelelo, kunye ne-16L yamanzi kwisipheki soxinzelelo oluthe nkqo (ubungakanani bamanzi kufuneka buphinde buzaliswe xa buphinda busetyenziswa, kwaye amanzi kufuneka atshintshwe ukuba axokomezekile);
② Kwisipheki esiphathwayo soxinzelelo, faka umbhobho wokukhupha kwikhava ephezulu kwityhubhu yesikwere kudonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho wokuvala inzala (izibulali-ntsholongwane ezingenamibhobho okanye ezo zinemibhobho edlekileyo naqhekeke mazingasetyenziswa);
③ Gquma isiciko esiphezulu kwaye usiqinise ngokuqinileyo ukunqanda ukuvuza komoya; beka isibulali-ntsholongwane kwindawo yomlilo ukuze ufudumale, vula amandla esipheki soxinzelelo oluthe nkqo, kwaye uvule ivalve yokukhupha ivalve ekwisigqubuthelo esingaphezulu ukuze ukhuphe umoya (khupha umoya kangangemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 emva kokuba amanzi ebebile) );
④Vala ivalve yokukhupha ukunyusa uxinzelelo lomphunga kwiimfuno ezichaziweyo kwaye uyigcine kangangexesha elichaziweyo (kuxhomekeke kubume bezinto ezicoliweyo kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo);
⑤ Emva kokuba ixesha elichaziweyo lifinyelelwe, kwizinto ezifuna ukoma, vula ngokukhawuleza i-valve yokukhupha ukukhupha umphunga. Xa uxinzelelo lubuyela ku-zero, lupholise ngokwemvelo kwi-60 ° C kwaye emva koko uvule isiciko ukuze ukhuphe izinto. Ukuba yinto engamanzi, musa ukuvula ivalve yokukhupha. Imbiza kufuneka isuswe kumthombo wobushushu ngoko nangoko kwaye ivunyelwe ukuba iphole ngokwemvelo de uxinzelelo lubuyele ku-zero kwaye iqondo lobushushu lehle ngaphantsi kwe-60°C phambi kokuvula isiciko ukukhupha imixholo ukuthintela ukuthotywa ngesiquphe kolwelo ekubiliseni ngamandla okanye ukudubula kwesikhongozeli.
(3) Landela la manyathelo alandelayo ukuze usebenzise isicoci soxinzelelo esithe tyaba kwisihovi somoya:
①Vala ucango lwembiza ngokuqinileyo, vula ivalve yokungena emoyeni, ngenisa umphunga kwi-mezzanine ukuze ufudunyezwe, kwaye umoya obandayo kwi-mezzanine uya kukhutshwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwisithintelo somoya;
②Emva kokuba i-interlayer ifikelele kubushushu obumiselweyo, vula ivalve yokungena yomoya yegumbi lembiza, yazisa umphunga kwigumbi lembiza, kwaye umoya obandayo okwigumbi lembiza uya kuphuma ngokuzenzekelayo ngegumbi lomoya lembiza;
③Xa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu kwigumbi lembiza lifikelela kuxinzelelo oluchaziweyo, hlengahlengisa ivalve yokungena komoya ukuyigcina ingatshintshi;
④ Pholisa ubushushu ngokwendalo okanye ngokwendalo ukuya kwi-60℃ ngaphambi kokuvula umnyango ukuze ukhuphe izinto. Musa ukusebenzisa indlela yokukhupha umphunga ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda ukuhla koxinzelelo ngesiquphe, ukubila ngobundlobongela kolwelo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo lwesingxobo;
⑤ Xa usebenzisa inkqubo ezenzekelayo-i-sterilizer yoxinzelelo olulawulwayo, emva kokubeka izinto kunye nokuvala umnyango ngokuqinileyo, umtshintshi ohambelanayo kufuneka ucinezele ngokwecandelo lezinto ukwenzela ukuba inzala iqhutywe ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwemigaqo efunekayo. Ngexesha lokuvala inzala, isixhobo esiqhotyoshelweyo kufuneka sisetyenziswe ukurekhoda ubushushu kunye nexesha. Ukubhekisela kwixesha elizayo, iimfuno zokusebenza kufuneka zihambelane ngokungqongqo nemiyalelo yomenzi;
5. Sterilization lobushushu kunye nexesha
(1) Iqondo lobushushu lokuvala ubushushu bomileyo yi-160℃, 1.5 ~ 2h.
(2) Ubushushu bokwenza inzalo kunye nexesha loxinzelelo lwesterilizer yomphunga
Indlela yokuvala inzala ngamaxesha athile
1. Indlela yokuvala inzala:
Sebenzisa inzala yomphunga ngaphandle koxinzelelo. Ezinye izinto zitshatyalaliswa ngokulula kukuvalwa koxinzelelo lomphunga ophezulu, ngoko ke le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukuvala inzala.
(1) Beka izinto eziza kucocwa embizeni, vala isiciko esingaphezulu, vula indawo yokukhupha amanzi, kwaye ukhuphe amanzi aseleyo embizeni.
(2) Vala umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi, vula umnyango wokungena umoya, uze ubulale iintsholongwane kangangemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 njengoko kuyimfuneko.
(3) Emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukuvala inzala, vala umnyango ongenisa umoya, ukhuphe izinto uze ulinde ziphole kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, zifake kwi-incubator engama-37°C ngobusuku, uze uqhubeke nokuvala inzala ngokwendlela engasentla ngosuku olulandelayo. Yenza oku kathathu ukuze ufezekise injongo yokuvala inzala.
2. Uyisebenzisa njani i-serum coagulator:
Xa i-culture medium iqulethe izithako ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-serum okanye amaqanda, ukushisa okuphezulu kuya kutshabalalisa izondlo zayo. Ke ngoko, ubushushu obuphantsi bunokusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-serum kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo zokuvala inzala:
(1) Xa usebenzisa i-serum ecociweyo ngale ndlela ukuya kwi-aliquot, imisebenzi ye-aseptic kufuneka ilandelwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye iityhubhu zovavanyo kunye neepleyiti kufuneka zihlanjululwe phambi kokusetyenziswa;
(2) Yenza indawo yenkcubeko ibe yithambeka okanye umaleko ophezulu njengoko kufuneka. Emva kokuba ungeze amanzi aneleyo, qhagamshela umbane, uphakamise ubushushu ukuya kwi-75 ~ 90 ° C ngeyure enye uze uyicolise. Yifake kwi-incubator engu-37°C ngobusuku, uze uyicolise kathathu.
3. Bilisa kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane:
Ungasebenzisa imbiza ebilayo okanye i-sterilizer ebilisiwe. Emva kokubila kwamanzi, yibilise imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwe-15. Ungongeza kwakhona i-2% ye-carbolic acid emanzini kwaye ubilise imizuzu emi-5. Yongeza i-0.02% ye-formaldehyde kwaye uyibilise ku-80 ° C imizuzu engama-60 ukuphumeza injongo yokuvala inzala. Nangona kunjalo, ukubilisa inzala kunokufezekiswa. Xa usebenzisa izixhasi, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukubola kwezinto.
4. Unyango lokuvala inzala:
Emva kokuvala inzala, izinto sele zinyumba phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Kufuneka zihlolwe ngononophelo kwaye zibekwe xa zikhutshiwe kwisibulali-ntsholongwane ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwakhona;
(1) Zikhuphe izinto kwaye ujonge ingqibelelo yokupakishwa kwangoko. Ukuba kukho umonakalo okanye i-tampon isusiwe, ayinakusetyenziswa njengezinto eziyinyumba;
(2) Izinto ezikhutshiweyo azinakusetyenziswa njengezinto ezingcolileyo ukuba ukupakishwa kwazo ngokucacileyo zifakwe emanzini;
(3) Isixhobo senkcubeko okanye ii-reagents kufuneka zihlolwe ukubona ukuba ziyadibana nombala okanye imeko emva kokuvalwa inzala. Ezo zingafikeleliyo kwiimfuno kufuneka zilahlwe;
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(5) Ukuba izinto ezisusiweyo ziwela emhlabeni, zibekwe kwindawo engacocekanga, okanye zifakwe emanzini, zibhekwa njengezosulelekileyo kwaye azinakusetyenziswa njengezinto ezingcolileyo;
(6) Izinto eziziintsholongwane eziqinisekisiweyo ezikhutshiweyo kufuneka zigcinwe kwigumbi lokugcina okanye uthuli-ikhabhathi yokuthintela, kwaye kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo ukuzixuba nezinto ezingacocwanga;
(7) Zonke izinto ezifanelekileyo kufuneka ziphawulwe ngomhla wokuvalwa kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa;
(8) Emva kokuba ibhetshi nganye yokuvala inzala igqityiwe, bhala igama, ubungakanani, amaqondo obushushu, ixesha, kunye nomsebenzi weemveliso ezicoliweyo.
Iimfuno zonyango lwenkunkuma enetyhefu kunye nebhaktheriya
Izixhobo zovavanyo kunye neenkcubeko ezisetyenziswa kuvavanyo lwe-microbiological kufuneka zingakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwebhubhoratri ngaphandle kokubulala iintsholongwane.
1. Izinto ezingcolisekileyo ezikhuliswayo kunye nenkunkuma kufuneka zifakwe kwizikhongozeli eziqinileyo okanye kwiibhasikithi zocingo kwaye zigcinwe kwindawo ephakathi kwiindawo ezichongiweyo de zibe zi-autoclaved ngokufanayo.
2. Iinkcubeko ezingcoliswe yi-microorganisms kufuneka zifakwe kwi-autoclaved kwi-121 ° C imizuzu engama-30.
3. Emva kokusetyenziswa, iindiza ezingcolileyo kufuneka zifakwe kwi-5% yesisombululo sesepha se-creol okanye isisombululo se-carbolic acid, sixutywe ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 (i-disinfectant liquid kufuneka ingabi ngaphantsi kokuphakama kwe-soaking), kwaye i-sterilized ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-121 ° C imizuzu engama-30.
4. Ulwelo lokungcolisa kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwe-smears kunokugungxulelwa ngokuthe ngqo kumjelo ophantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka. Ulwelo lokuhlanjululwa kwebhaktiriya enobungozi kufuneka lugungxulwe kwibhekile kwaye lucociswe luxinzelelo oluphezulu phambi kokuba lugalelwe kumjelo ophantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka. Izilayidi ezigcotyiweyo zifakwe kwi-5% yesisombululo sesepha ye-cresol. Emva kokucwina emanzini iiyure ezingama-24, yibilise kwaye uhlambe. Izilayidi okanye izitya ezisetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwe-agglutination kufuneka zifakwe kwi-autoclaved emva koko zihlanjwe.
5. Emva kokuphula inkcubeko, ngokukhawuleza utshize kwaye udibanise iindawo ezingcolileyo kunye ne-5% yesisombululo sesepha se-cresol okanye isisombululo se-carbolic acid, cwilisa isiqingatha seyure uze usule.
Impahla yokusebenza engcolisekileyo okanye impahla yokusebenza, iikepusi, iimaski, njl.njl. ezinxitywa kuvavanyo lobundlobongela kufuneka zifakwe kwiingxowa ezikhethekileyo zokubulala iintsholongwane kwaye zicocwe ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu phambi kokuba zihlanjwe.
Iimfuno zamalungiselelo aphakathi
Umgangatho wokulungiswa okuphakathi kwenkcubeko kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhula kwee-microorganisms, kuba ii-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zesondlo kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko. Iimfuno zamalungiselelo kumajelo osasazo enkcubeko zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Ukulinganisa izithako ngokwendlela ephakathi, uze uchithe emanzini adibeneyo. Umgangatho we-reagents esetyenzisiweyo kunye neziyobisi kufuneka zihlolwe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
2. Umlinganiselo we-pH kunye nokulungelelaniswa: Ukulinganisa i-pH kufuneka kuqhutywe xa i-culture medium ipholile kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa, kuba kukho umahluko othile kwi-pH phantsi kweemeko ezishushu okanye ezibandayo. Xa umlinganiselo ugqityiwe, yongeza i-alkali okanye i-asidi ngokwexabiso elibaliweyo kwaye udibanise kakuhle. Kufuneka ivavanywe kwakhona. Ixabiso le-pH yendawo yenkcubeko kufuneka ichaneke, ngaphandle koko iya kuchaphazela ukukhula kwe-microorganisms okanye ichaphazele ukuqwalaselwa kweziphumo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuvalwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu-noxinzelelo kunokuchaphazela ukwehla okanye ukonyuka kwe-pH yemithombo yosasazo yenkcubeko, ngoko ke akucetyiswa ukuvala inzala kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu okanye amaxesha amaninzi kakhulu ukunqanda ukuchaphazela umgangatho wesixhobo senkcubeko. Iimpawu, i-sodium deoxycholate, i-agar, njl. ngokuqhelekileyo Yongeza emva kokulungelelanisa i-pH.
3. I-culture medium kufuneka igcinwe icacile ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukujonga ukukhula kwebhaktiriya. Emva kokuba i-culture medium ishushu kwaye ibilisiwe, inokuhluzwa ngekotoni efunxayo okanye i-flannel ukususa intlenga. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokucaciswa ngeqanda elimhlophe. Imicu ye-agar esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ihlanjwe kwaye yomiswe kwangaphambili. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, thintela ukuchaphazela ukungafihli ngenxa yokungcola kwi-agar.
4. I-ayini, ubhedu kunye nezinye izikhongozeli akufuneki zisetyenziswe ekubambeni isixhobo sokufundisa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izikhongozeli zeglasi elukhuni ezingathathi hlangothi.
5. I-sterilization ye-culture medium mayingafezekisi kuphela injongo yokuvala inzala epheleleyo, kodwa kwakhona ithathele ingqalelo ukuba inganciphisi ixabiso layo lesondlo ngenxa yokufudumeza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-121 ° C imizuzu eyi-15 yanele. Kwimithombo yeendaba yenkcubeko equlethe izinto ezinganyamezeliyo ubushushu obuphezulu njengeswekile kunye neserum, igelatin, njl., kufuneka icocwe ngeqondo lobushushu eliphantsi okanye indlela ephazamisayo. Amanye ama-reagents angenakufudumala, njenge-potassium tellurite, i-yolk yeqanda, i-TTC, i-antibiotics, njl., kufuneka ipholile ukuya malunga ne-50 ° C emva kokuba i-agar eyisiseko i-autoclaved kwaye yongezwa;
6. Emva kokuba ibhetshi nganye ye-culture media ilungisiwe, uvavanyo lokukhula olungenazintsholongwane kunye novavanyo lokukhula kweentlobo ezivavanyiweyo kufuneka lwenziwe. Ukuba yindawo yenkcubeko yebhayoloji, sebenzisa iintlobo zebhaktiriya ezisemgangathweni zokutofa kunye nenkcubeko, kwaye ujonge iziphumo zokusabela kwi-biochemical. Kufuneka ibonise ukusabela okuqhelekileyo. Indawo yenkcubeko akufuneki igcinwe ixesha elide. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokugcinwa kwifriji ye-4 ° C.
7. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemidiya yenkcubeko eyomileyo. Ibhetshi nganye kufuneka isebenzise iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lokukhula okanye uqwalaselo lokusabela kwi-biochemical. Imidiya eyahlukeneyo yenkcubeko ingasetyenziswa kuphela emva kokuba uvavanyo lokukhula kweentlobo ezihambelanayo lulungile. Ezisanda kuthengwa okanye ezomisiweyo ezigcinwe ixesha elide zingasetyenziswa. I-pH yendawo yenkcubeko kufuneka ilinganiswe xa uyilungiselela, kwaye umthamo kunye nendlela kufuneka ilandelwe ngokwemiyalelo yemveliso.
8. Iikhemikhali ze-reagents, iimeko zokuvala inzala, iziphumo zovavanyo lokukhula koxinzelelo, kunye nabasebenzi bemveliso abasetyenziswa kwibhetshi nganye yemidiya yenkcubeko elungisiweyo kufuneka zirekhodwe ukwenzela uphando.
Iisampulu zokuqokelelwa kunye neemfuno zokusetyenzwa
1. Iisampulu zokuhlola eziqokelelweyo mazimele. Xa kusenziwa isampuli, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ukusetyenzwa, ukuthuthwa, iindlela zokugcina kunye neemeko zebhetshi yokutya, iimeko zempilo ezingqongileyo ezingqongileyo, njl.
2. Ngokohlobo kunye nobungakanani bokutya, ubungakanani besampulu kunye nendlela kufuneka iqhutywe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zeendlela zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo.
3. Nika ingqwalasela ekusebenzeni kwe-aseptic xa uthatha isampuli, kwaye isikhongozelo kufuneka sicociswe ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwe-microbial kwindawo. Isikhongozeli akufuneki sivalwe ngesisombululo sesepha ye-creosal, ukuvala inzala nge-chlormethionine, utywala kunye nezinye izibulala-ntsholongwane, kwaye kufuneka singaqulathi ezo zibulali ntsholongwane okanye izibulala-ntsholongwane. Ukuze uthintele ukubulala iintsholongwane kwisampulu, izikere, iimela, kunye namacephe asetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zicocwe phambi kokusetyenziswa.
4. Iisampuli kufuneka zithunyelwe kwigumbi lokuhlola ukuze zihlolwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ziqokelelwe. Inkqubo yokuhlola ngokubanzi ayidluli kwiiyure ezi-3. Ukuba umgama mde, unokugcinwa kwindawo eyi-1 ~ 5℃. Ukuba ifuna ukukhenkceza, kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo engumkhenkce. Ngenisa ukuze uhlolwe.
5. Emva kokufumana isampuli, igumbi lokuhlola liya kubhalisa (igama lesampula, iyunithi yokuhlola, ubuninzi, umhla, inombolo, njl.) kwaye ijonge ukubonakala kwesampuli. Ukuba nayiphi na le miqathango ilandelayo ifunyenwe, uhlolo lunokwaliwa:
(1) Iisampulu eziye zahluthwa ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu olukhethekileyo, ukubilisa okanye ezinye iindlela ziya kulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kokumela ukutya kokuqala;
(2) Iibhotile kunye neengxowa zokutya zivuliwe, inyama ephekiweyo kunye neemveliso zayo, iinkukhu eziphekiweyo kunye nokunye ukutya ziye zaphulwa kwaye aziphelelanga, oko kukuthi, ukumila kokutya kokuqala kulahlekile (ngaphandle kweesampuli zetyhefu yokutya);
(3) Ubungakanani besampulu awanelanga njengoko kufuneka;
Kwiisampuli ezingeniswe ukuba zihlolwe ezihlangabezana neemfuno, igumbi lokuhlola kufuneka liqhube ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzifumana. Ukuba iimeko azihlangabezwanga, kufuneka zigcinwe kwi-4 ° C efrijini, zilungiselele ukudala iimeko ngexesha, kwaye emva koko ziqhube ukuhlolwa.
6. Xa uhlola iisampuli, yenza inkqubo efanelekileyo ngokweempawu zazo ezahlukeneyo.
(1) Xa iisampulu zamanzi zitofa, kufuneka zixutywe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye zitofwe ngokwexabiso.
(2) Kwiisampulu eziqinileyo, sebenzisa imela edibeneyo ukusika i-25g yamalungu ahlukeneyo, uwabeke kwi-225mL ye-saline ecocekileyo okanye ezinye izisombululo, utyumze kwaye udibanise ne-homogenizer, kwaye ugobe ngokwexabiso.
(3) Iibhotile kunye neengxowa zokutya kufuneka zivulwe ngokuvala inzala, kwaye ezi ndlela zingentla kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweempawu ngaphambi kokugonywa.
Ukuhlolwa kwesampuli, iimfuno zokurekhoda kunye nokunika ingxelo
1. Emva kokufumana isampuli, igumbi lokuhlola liya kuqala liqhube ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo kwaye liqhube ngokukhawuleza ukuhlolwa ngokuhambelana neendlela zokuhlola umgangatho wesizwe. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlola, imisebenzi ye-aseptic kufuneka yenziwe ngononophelo, ngokuthembekileyo, kwaye ngokungqongqo ukuphephaiziphumo zovavanyo lwemicrobialukungcoliseka kokusingqongileyo.
2. Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlola isampuli, iziganeko kunye neziphumo ezenzeke, njl.njl kufuneka zibhalwe kwiirekhodi zovavanyo ezibhaliweyo njengesiseko sokuhlalutya kunye nesigwebo seziphumo. Iirekhodi kufuneka zibe neenkcukacha, zicace, zibe yinyani, zibe nenjongo, kwaye kufuneka zingatshintshwa okanye zenziwe ngomgunyathi.
